BACKGROUND & AIMS: Q7Altered fecal microbiota have been reported in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), although studies vary, which could be owing to dietary effects. Many IBS patients may eliminate certain foods because of their symptoms, which in turn may alter fecal microbiota diversity and composition. This study aimed to determine if dietary patterns were associated with IBS, symptoms, and fecal microbiota differences reported in IBS. METHODS:A total of 346 IBS participants and 170 healthy controls (HCs) completed a Diet Checklist reflecting the diet(s) consumed most frequently. An exclusion diet was defined as a diet that eliminated food components by choice. Within this group, a gluten-free, dairy-free, or low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet was further defined as restrictive because they often are implicated in reducing symptoms. Stool samples were obtained from 171 IBS patients and 98 HCs for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and microbial composition analysis.

Background Existing studies on diet and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have largely focused on evaluating the effects of single nutrients or whole predesigned diets but not on evaluating the effects of diverse dietary patterns. This study applied unsupervised methods to identify dietary patterns of individuals with IBD and evaluated their association with symptoms activity. Methods This retrospective study of adults with IBD collected current clinical data and typical diet recalled from the time when in clinical remission. Discrete dietary structures were defined by k-means clustering. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the relationship between diet clusters and the presence of active symptoms, while adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, disease behavior, and medication use. Results Of 691 participants, 36% had Crohn’s disease (CD) and 64% had ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD-unclassified. Five major dietary clusters were identified: 2 resembled a Western diet (WD) (WD1, WD2), 1 resembled a balanced diet, and 2 resembled a plant-based diet (PB) (PB1, PB2). Compared with WD1, PB2 was associated with lower odds of active symptoms for CD (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.83) and UC (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15-0.62). PB1 was associated with lower odds of active symptoms for participants with UC (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23-0.90) but not for participants with CD (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.36-2.51). Conclusions Diets with increased intake of fruits and vegetables, reduction of processed meats and refined carbohydrates, and preference of water for hydration were associated with lower risk of active symptoms with IBD, although increased intake of fruits and vegetables alone did not reduce risk of symptoms with CD.

Summary Background Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. Aims This observational study examines trends in protein‐calorie malnutrition (PCM) amongst hospitalised IBD and non‐IBD patients, and the association between (1) malnutrition and (2) nutrition support and hospitalisation outcomes. Methods We queried the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2018 for hospitalisations with and without IBD. Amongst patients with IBD and concurrent PCM, we identified those who received nutrition support. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan‐Meier analyses evaluated the associations between PCM and nutrition support and readmission and mortality. Multiple linear regression described the association between compared variables and length of stay (LOS) and total hospitalisation costs. Results This study included 1,216,033 patients (1,820,023 hospitalisations) with Crohn's disease (CD), 832,931 patients (1,089,853 hospitalizations) with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 240,488,656 patients (321,220,427 hospitalisations) without IBD. Admitted IBD patients were 2.9–3.1 times more likely to have PCM than non‐IBD patients. IBD patients with PCM had a higher risk of readmission and mortality, as well as longer LOS and higher hospitalisation costs. Nutrition support (parenteral and enteral) was associated with a reduced risk of readmission, but higher mortality increased LOS and higher total hospitalisation costs. Conclusions Malnutrition in hospitalised IBD patients remains an important contributor to readmission, mortality, LOS and healthcare costs. Providing nutrition support to IBD patients may reduce the risk of readmission. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of nutrition support amongst hospitalised IBD patients to optimise disease and healthcare outcomes.

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Staff at endocrine clinics were more likely to suggest screening for celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Both low screening frequency as well as inconsistency in management of positive celiac disease serological tests indicated an increase in education regarding celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes is required. In addition uniform guidelines should be developed.