The flexible sensing platform is a key component for the development of smart portable devices targeting healthcare, environmental monitoring, point-of-care diagnostics, and personal electronics. Herein, we demonstrate a simple, scalable, and cost-effective strategy for fabrication of a sensing electrode based on a waste newspaper with conformal coating of parylene C (P-paper). Thin polymeric layers over cellulose fibers allow the P-paper to possess improved mechanical and chemical stability, which results in high-performance flexible sensing platforms for the detection of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 based on DNA hybridization. Moreover, P-paper electrodes have the potential to serve as disposable, flexible sensing platforms for point-of-care testing biosensors.
Flexible, thin, and lightweight supercapacitors have been regarded as important power sources for portable and wearable electronics; however, these are usually limited by relatively low areal or volumetric performances compared to their gravimetric performance. In this paper, a large-area, thin, and flexible three-dimensional (3D) polyaniline nanoweb film with controlled nanomorphology is reported for the improvement of the areal and volumetric performances of supercapacitors. The 3D nanoweb structure provides large ion accessible active sites, short ion diffusion distance, and enhanced mechanical tolerance during electrochemical reactions. The resulting polyaniline nanoweb film electrodes exhibit a high areal capacitance of 303 mF/cm 2 at 10 mV/s, a high capacitance retention of 73% even at a high scan rate of 1000 mV/s, and long-term cycle stability (98.9% capacitance retention over 10000 cycles). The all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors deliver high device area-specific and volume-specific energy densities of 12.7 μWh/cm 2 and 1.0 Wh/L, respectively.
BackgroundIt has been reported that both chemical and physical surface patterns influence cellular behaviors, such as cell alignment and elongation. However, it still remains unclear how actin filament and microtubules (MTs) differentially respond to these patterns.ResultsWe examined the effects of chemical and physical patterns on cell elongation and alignment by observing actin filament and MTs of retinal pigment epithelium-1(RPE-1) cells, which were cultured on either fibronectin (FN)-line pattern (line width and spacing: 1 μm) or FN-coated 1 μm gratings with two different depths (0.35 or 1 μm). On the surface with either FN-line pattern or micrograting structure, the cell aspect ratios were at least two times higher than those on the surface with no pattern. Cell elongation on the gratings depended on the depth of the gratings. Cell elongation and alignment on both FN-line pattern and 1 μm gratings with 0.35 μm depth were perturbed either by inhibition of actin polymerization or MT depletion, while cell elongation and alignment on 1 μm gratings with 1 μm depth were perturbed only by MT depletion.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the contribution of actin filaments and MTs to the elongation and alignment of epithelial cells on microgratings depends on the groove depth of these gratings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0187-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Flexible and highly ordered nanopillar arrayed electrodes have brought great interest for many electrochemical applications, especially to the biosensors, because of its unique mechanical and topological properties. Herein, we report an advanced method to fabricate highly ordered nanopillar electrodes produced by soft-/photo-lithography and metal evaporation. The highly ordered nanopillar array exhibited the superior electrochemical and mechanical properties in regard with the wide space to response with electrolytes, enabling the sensitive analysis. As-prepared gold and silver electrodes on nanopillar arrays exhibit great and stable electrochemical performance to detect the amplified gene from foodborne pathogen of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Additionally, lightweight, flexible, and USB-connectable nanopillar-based electrochemical sensor platform improves the connectivity, portability, and sensitivity. Moreover, we successfully confirm the performance of genetic analysis using real food, specially designed intercalator, and amplified gene from foodborne pathogens with high reproducibility (6% standard deviation) and sensitivity (10 × 1.01 CFU) within 25 s based on the square wave voltammetry principle. This study confirmed excellent mechanical and chemical characteristics of nanopillar electrodes have a great and considerable electrochemical activity to apply as genetic biosensor platform in the fields of point-of-care testing (POCT).
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