Congenital radioulnar synostosis is a rare developmental skeletal malformation of the upper limb, characterized by the fusion of the proximal ends of the radius and ulna from birth. The failure of prenatal longitudinal segmentation of the adjacent radius and ulna results in a fibrous bony bridge between the radius and ulna. We present a 23-year-old female who presented with pain and restricted mobility of the left elbow joint for 7 years. A plain X-ray was performed for the patient, revealing a diagnosis of congenital radio-ulnar synostosis. Careful evaluation of the anatomical relations and spatial orientation of bony structures is required for the diagnosis and treatment of such cases.
The anatomical variations of psoas minor muscle (PMM) vary greatly in terms of agenesis, attachments and morphology based on race and gender. In the current study, we report an extremely rare condition of distal attachment of psoas minor muscle during our routine dissection of a 52-year-old female body cadaver. We observed that the psoas minor muscle insertion was unique where it was inserted to the lesser trochanter of the femur. We believe that understanding these variations is essential to the effective execution and planning of radiological and surgical procedures and the correlation with many clinical conditions.
Purpose: The thalamus, a part of the diencephalon, controls emotion and memory; any thalamic lesion may lead to impairments in recall and recognition. There is no concrete proof that depression is the only mental condition in which thalamic abnormalities are present. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with depression had any structural changes in their thalamic grey matter volume.
Methods: The thalamic grey matter volume was measured in 50 patients with depression (25 males, mean age = 24 ± 5.02 years) and 50 sex- and-age-matched controls (25 males, mean age = 24 ± 5.28 years) using BrainSuite automated segmentation of the T1-weighted magnetic resonance images obtained using Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition. Between-group and sex-based comparisons were made using Student’s t-test.
Results: The mean grey matter volume of the right and left thalamus was 5.98 ± 7.03 cm3 and 6.21 ± 7.68 cm3 in patients, respectively, and 2.18 ± 4.74 cm3on the right side and 2.15 ± 4.87 cm3 on the left side in the controls (p < 0.05). The female subjects had relatively greater mean thalamic grey matter volumes on both sides (patients: right = 6.47 ± 4.17 cm3, left = 6.77 ± 4.30 cm3; controls: right = 3.25 ± 6.55 cm3, left = 3.13 ± 6.77 cm3; p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The volume of thalamic grey matter is increased in patients with depression, which is more pronounced in female patients. There is also a possible association between depression and right-sided volume reduction.
Purpose: The thalamus, a part of the diencephalon, controls emotion and
memory; any thalamic lesion may lead to impairments in recall and
recognition. There is no concrete proof that depression is the only
mental condition in which thalamic abnormalities are present. Therefore,
the purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with
depression had any structural changes in their thalamic grey matter
volume. Methods: The thalamic grey matter volume was measured in 50
patients with depression (25 males, mean age = 24 ± 5.02 years) and 50
sex- and-age-matched controls (25 males, mean age = 24 ± 5.28 years)
using BrainSuite automated segmentation of the T1-weighted magnetic
resonance images obtained using Magnetization Prepared Rapid
Acquisition. Between-group and sex-based comparisons were made using
Student’s t-test. Results: The mean grey matter volume of the right and
left thalamus was 5.98 ± 7.03 cm3 and 6.21 ± 7.68 cm3 in patients,
respectively, and 2.18 ± 4.74 cm3 on the right side and 2.15 ± 4.87 cm3
on the left side in the controls (p < 0.05). The female
subjects had relatively greater mean thalamic grey matter volumes on
both sides (patients: right = 6.47 ± 4.17 cm3, left = 6.77 ± 4.30 cm3;
controls: right = 3.25 ± 6.55 cm3, left = 3.13 ± 6.77 cm3; p <
0.05). Conclusion: The volume of thalamic grey matter is increased in
patients with depression, which is more pronounced in female patients.
There is also a possible association between depression and right-sided
volume reduction.
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