The dosage of soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) protein in the blood of adults with cancer has never been performed in a prospective patient cohort. We evaluated the clinical impact of sPD-L1 level measured at the time of diagnosis for newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Soluble PD-L1 was measured in the plasma of 288 patients enrolled in a multicenter, randomized phase III trial that compared R-high-dose chemotherapy with R-CHOP. The median follow-up was 41.4 months. A cutoff of 1.52 ng/ml of PD-L1 level was determined and related to overall survival (OS). Patients with elevated sPD-L1 experienced a poorer prognosis with a 3-year OS of 76% versus 89% (P<0.001). Considering clinical characteristics, the multivariate analysis retained this biomarker besides bone marrow involvement and abnormal lymphocyte-monocyte score as independently related to poor outcome. sPD-L1 was detectable in the plasma and not in the serum, found elevated in patients at diagnosis compared with healthy subjects and its level dropped back to normal value after CR. The intention-to-treat analysis showed that elevated sPD-L1 was associated with a poorer prognosis for patients randomized within the R-CHOP arm (P<0.001). Plasma PD-L1 protein is a potent predicting biomarker in DLBCL and may indicate usefulness of alternative therapeutic strategies using PD-1 axis inhibitors.

Recently, we have described the biological correlations associated with the main translocations involving the 14q32 chromosomal region, that is, t(14q32), in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We have now extended the analysis to the prognostic value of these chromosomal rearrangements in 168 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed MM receiving intensive chemotherapy within clinical trials of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM). Patients with t(4;14) displayed a poor outcome (short event-free survival and short overall survival), whereas those with t(11;14) displayed long survival. On the other hand, patients with neither t(4;14) nor t(11;14) presented an intermediate outcome. Importantly, chromosome 13 abnormalities (C13As) significantly influence the prognosis of this latter group. In contrast, C13As affected the outcome of the other patients to a much lesser extent, either because of an almost constant association (in the t(4;14) group) or because of a lack of any significant prognostic impact (in the t(11;14) group; only one event occurred in the 10 patients with t(11;14) and C13As). Considering that t(4;14) and t(11;14) (1) are the only (so far recognized) true, recurrent t(14q32)'s, (2) are linked to specific immunoglobulin isotypes, and (3) display specific outcomes, they represent distinct entities corresponding to a specific oncogenesis and prognosis. These data emphasized the interest in analyzing these two translocations by fluorescence in situ hybridization in prospective therapeutic trials in order to consider these translocations as distinct entities. IntroductionChromosomal abnormalities represent the main prognostic parameter in several hematological malignancies, especially acute leukemias. Such a prognostic value is less evident in other hematological neoplasms, either because of a lower proliferative index (preventing the obtaining of clonal metaphases) or because of technical reasons (difficulties in harvesting tumor cells, such as in lymph nodes). However, with the development of techniques circumventing the nonproliferative pitfall, and especially interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technologies, it is now possible to target some specific recurrent chromosomal changes to assess their potential impact on either response to therapy or survival. Recently, a nice application of this approach has been demonstrated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Whereas chromosomal abnormalities are usually observed in fewer than 50% of the patients by means of conventional cytogenetics, a systematic interphase FISH analysis identified chromosomal changes in up to 85% of the patients. 1 Moreover, this study demonstrated the high prognostic significance of these abnormalities for patients' survival.Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a low proliferative index (labeling index lower than 1%). This low proliferative capability is correlated with a low cytogenetic informative capability. A systematic literature survey was done to an informative capability of between 30% and 50% o...

The epidemiology of infections was studied in a retrospective cohort of 446 recipients of bone marrow transplants (BMTs; 92 of which were allogeneic and 354 of which were autologous) during 1993--1996. Infections that were microbiologically documented in 274 recipients included bacteremia, urinary tract infections, cytomegalovirus viremia, fungemia, invasive aspergillosis, and catheter-related infections. During the period of neutropenia, no differences were found between recipients of allogeneic BMTs and recipients of autologous BMTs with regard to the incidence and the nature of infection. After patients underwent engraftment, bacteremia, cytomegalovirus viremia, and invasive aspergillosis were significantly more common in recipients of allogeneic BMTs than in recipients of autologous BMTs. Deaths caused by infection were uncommon and were mainly the result of invasive aspergillosis. Therefore, empirical antimicrobial therapy should be the same for recipients of both allogeneic and autologous BMTs during the period of neutropenia; after engraftment, more attention should be paid to the risk of infection in allogeneic BMT recipients, particularly with regard to detection and prevention of invasive aspergillosis.

In MCL, FDG PET at diagnosis is complementary to CE, but BM and GI biopsies remain mandatory. IWC+PET criteria are highly efficient to identify patients with high risk for early relapse. Combining IPI and SUV(max) may predict patient outcome and warrant further prospective investigations towards designing risk-adapted strategies.

We describe 4 cases of zygomycosis that occurred after prolonged use of voriconazole in severely immunocompromised patients with hematologic disease. An invasive infection was present in 3 patients who died soon after the diagnosis at 12, 13, and 45 days. Physicians should be mindful of this potential risk after treatment with voriconazole.