No abstract
The article deals with the study of the anti-doping experience of Ukraine and European countries. It considers a number of doctrinal and regulatory approaches to the understanding of doping and anti-doping rule violations and, accordingly, the importance of combating such phenomena. The article examines the provisions of international acts regulating the list of prohibited substances, doping testing, the application of sanctions for anti-doping rule violations, and formulates the conclusion on the need to improve the list of prohibited substances, which currently hinders the effectiveness of anti-doping measures. It focuses on the criminal law of Ukraine, Hungary, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Poland, Italy, and Spain, which provides for the criminal liability for doping, including its illegal production, trade, appointment, use, and forcing other persons to use it. The article describes the peculiarities of a unique approach to legal liability for doping in Austria and France, where the specified actions are regarded as fraud. The article establishes the necessity of introducing changes to Article 323 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to improve the fight against doping in Ukraine and the expediency of harmonizing the provisions of the national legislation of Ukraine and European states with the international rules in terms of the definition of doping and the list of prohibited substances.
Political corruption as a negative phenomenon hampers the democratic and economic development of any state. The experience of foreign countries across the world testifies to the existence of number of reasons conducive to the spread of political corruption. Its study is important both for Ukraine, which is actively taking measures to combat political corruption, and for other countries with a high level of political corruption. The article begins with a study of various approaches to understanding the concept of “political corruption”, the reasons for its emergence and determination of the level of citizens’ trust in political institutions in Ukraine and foreign countries. The main obstacles to minimizing the phenomenon of political corruption in Ukraine are the existence of an effective mechanism for financial support of political parties and control over their financial activity. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, international acts, and legislative acts of Ukraine and Lithuania, the authors disclose the experience of Ukraine and Lithuania in the sphere of state financing of political parties and control over their financial activity. The methods of descriptive comparative analysis and observation of the latest scientific research on this issue guide the work. Proceeding from the existing problem of minimizing the phenomenon of corruption in the funding of political parties in Ukraine and taking into account the development of Ukraine’s legal system, the article presents a number of proposals on improving the legislation of Ukraine on financial support of political parties. The authors also provide a proposal on the need to improve the legislation in Lithuania in the area of indirect state funding of political parties. This article aims to disclose the notion of “political corruption”, to study experience of Ukraine and Lithuania in the sphere of minimizations of corruption in the funding of political parties and control over the use of such financial support, to determine the areas for improving the legislation of Ukraine and Lithuania in this issue, and to show the optimal mechanism of overcoming corruption in political parties, since Ukraine is not the only state where this phenomenon reaches its peak.
The article deals with an important and relevant topic — Ukraine's participation in international cooperation in the field of combating corruption. The authors emphasize that measures taken solely at the domestic level are not sufficient to effectively and comprehensively counteract this destructive phenomenon. The authors analyzed the scientific doctrine on the nature and importance of international cooperation. The authors used general scientific and special scientific methods, which provided an objective analysis of the research purpose. The research methods ensured the comprehensiveness and completeness of the study, the validity of the scientific results. It is proposed to analyze Ukraine's participation in international cooperation against corruption through the prism of international anti-corruption legal acts. First, the authors focus on the UN Convention against Corruption. The documents adopted within the framework of the activities of the Council of Europe and the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) are then analyzed. In particular, the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173), the Civil Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 174), the Council of Europe Convention on the Manipulation of Sports Competitions (CETS 215), Recommendations on Codes of Conduct for Public Officials (Recommendation No. R (2000) 10), Recommendations on common rules against corruption in the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns (Recommendation Rec (2003) 4). Particular attention is paid to the EU Anti-Corruption Initiative (EUACI), funded by the European Union and co-financed and implemented by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark. This initiative exists to promote anti-corruption reforms. The EU Anti-Corruption Initiative in Ukraine (Phase II) agreement concluded between the Government of Ukraine and the European Commission is analyzed. The conclusion is drawn about the need and importance of international cooperation in combating corruption. However, it is noted that the effective fight against corruption requires taking into account the historical experience of a particular state.
The purpose of the article is to focus on the need to strengthen the interaction of the law enforcement agencies of various states, highlighting the role of financial institutions in this process, to find optimal ways to improve international cooperation. The study is based on the methods of systemic and critical analysis, as well as a formal logical method. The article confirms that the need to strengthen international cooperation is explained by the existence of certain factors that determine the possibility of money laundering. It has been established that without adequate cooperation between law enforcement agencies and financial institutions at the national level, it is quite difficult to detect crime and prevent money laundering at the initial stage. As a conclusion of the investigation, it is proposed to develop a methodology for the interaction of the law enforcement agencies of several states to counteract money laundering. The results obtained can also become the basis for developing legislative proposals to improve international cooperation in law enforcement and, at the same time, they can be used to increase the efficiency of their anti-money laundering activities.
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