Untagged gamma-ray and tagged-neutron yields from AmBe andPuBe mixed-field sources have been measured. Gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements from 1 to 5MeV were performed in an open environment using a CeBr detector and the same experimental conditions for both sources. The shapes of the distributions are very similar and agree well with previous data. Tagged-neutron measurements from 2 to 6MeV were performed in a shielded environment using a NE-213 liquid-scintillator detector for the neutrons and a YAP(Ce) detector to tag the 4.44MeVgamma-rays associated with the de-excitation of the first-excited state of C. Again, the same experimental conditions were used for both sources. The shapes of these distributions are also very similar and agree well with previous data, each other, and the ISO recommendation. OurPuBe source provides approximately 2.6 times more 4.44MeVgamma-rays and 2.4 times more neutrons over the tagged-neutron energy range, the latter in reasonable agreement with the original full-spectrum source-calibration measurements performed at the time of their acquisition.

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A prototype quasiparasitic thermal neutron beam monitor based on isotropic neutron scattering from a thin natural vanadium foil and standard 3 He proportional counters is conceptualized, designed, simulated, calibrated, and commissioned. The European Spallation Source designed to deliver the highest integrated neutron flux originating from a pulsed source is currently under construction in Lund, Sweden. The effort to investigate a vanadium-based neutron beam monitor was triggered by a list of requirements for beam monitors permanently placed in the ESS neutron beams in order to provide reliable monitoring at complex beam lines: low attenuation, linear response over a wide range of neutron fluxes, near to constant efficiency for neutron wavelengths in a range of 0.6-10 Å, calibration stability and the possibility to place the system in vacuum are all desirable characteristics. The scattering-based prototype, employing a natural vanadium foil and standard 3 He proportional counters, was investigated at the V17 and V20 neutron beam lines of the Helmholtz-Zentrum in Berlin, Germany, in several different geometrical configurations of the 3 He proportional counters around the foil. Response linearity is successfully demonstrated for foil thicknesses ranging from 0.04 mm to 3.15 mm. Attenuation lower than 1% for thermal neutrons is demonstrated for the 0.04 mm and 0.125 mm foils. The geometries used for the experiment were simulated allowing for absolute flux calibration and establishing the possible range of efficiencies for various designs of the prototype. The operational flux limits for the beam monitor prototype were established as a dependency of the background radiation and prototype geometry. The herein demonstrated prototype monitors can be employed for neutron intensities ranging from 10 3-10 10 n=s.

Coincidence and time-of-flight measurement techniques are employed to tag fission neutrons emitted from a Cf source sealed on one side with a very thin layer of Au. The source is positioned within a gaseousHe scintillator detector. Together with α particles, both light and heavy fission fragments pass through the thin layer of Au and are detected. The fragments enable the corresponding fission neutrons, which are detected in a NE-213 liquid-scintillator detector, to be tagged. The resulting continuous polychromatic beam of tagged neutrons has an energy dependence that agrees qualitatively with expectations. We anticipate that this technique will provide a cost-effective means for the characterization of neutron-detector efficiency in the energy range 1-6MeV.

The response of a position-sensitive Li-glass scintillator detector to α-particles from a collimated 241 Am source scanned across the face of the detector has been measured. Scintillation light was read out by an 8 × 8 pixel multi-anode photomultiplier and the signal amplitude for each pixel has been recorded for every position on a scan. The pixel signal is strongly dependent on position and in general several pixels will register a signal (a hit) above a given threshold.The effect of this threshold on hit multiplicity is studied, with a view to optimize the single-hit efficiency of the detector.