We demonstrate robust soliton crystals generation with a fixed frequency pump laser through a thermoelectric-cooler-based thermal-tuning approach in a butterfly-packaged complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible microresonator. Varieties of soliton crystal states, exhibiting "palm-like" optical spectra that result from the strong interactions between the dense soliton ensembles and reflect their temporal distribution directly, are experimentally observed by sweeping one cavity resonance across the pump frequency from the blue-detuned side by reducing the operating temperature of the resonator. Benefitting from the tiny intra-cavity energy change, repeatable interconversion between the chaotic modulation instability and stable soliton crystal states can be successfully achieved via simple tuning of the temperature or pump power, showing the easy accessibility and excellent stability of such soliton crystals. This work could facilitate microresonator-based optical frequency combs towards a portable, adjustable, and low-cost system while avoiding the requirements of delicate frequency-sweeping pump techniques.
Dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) in the high-Q microresonator correspond to self-organized short pulse in time domain via double balance between dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity, as well as cavity loss and parametric gain. In this paper, we first experimentally demonstrate deterministic generation and switching of DKSs in a thermally controlled micro-ring resonator based on highindex doped silica glass platform. In our scheme, an auxiliary laser is introduced to timely balance the intracavity heat fluctuation. By decreasing the operating temperature through a thermo-electric cooler, primary-, chaotic-comb and soliton crystal are firstly generated, then increasing the temperature, DKSs switching and single soliton are robustly accessed, which is independent of the tuning speed. During the switching process, varieties of DKSs are identified by tens of the featured discrete "soliton-steps", which is favorable for study of onchip soliton interactions and nonlinear applications.
Angular momentum (AM), one of the most basic physical properties of light, has attracted great interest of the scientific community due to its significant values in high-capacity optical communication. To realize AM multiplexing and demultiplexing, the methods based on metallic metasurface are proposed, which suffers from huge Ohmic losses. Besides, additional coupling elements are necessary for coupling the output light into singlemode waveguides. Here, an efficient and focused AM multiplexing and demultiplexing system based on dielectric metasurfaces are proposed and investigated. Employing the off-axis technique and spin photonic Hall effect, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) multiplexing/demultiplexing can be achieved. A 10-channel AM multiplexing/ demultiplexing system based on the proposed method is demonstrated. The demultiplexing efficiencies for all AM stats are above 8% and the maximum crosstalk among all AM states is −12.8 dB, which exhibits an excellent performance of the proposed metasurface for the AM demultiplexing. Furthermore, the output light is focused at the focal plane, which can be directly coupled into the single-mode waveguides and improve the compactness of the system. The proposed method provides an effective way for AM multiplexing and demultiplexing, which possess a crucial potential for high-capacity optical communication applications.
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