[1] This study has simulated the terrestrial hydrology associated with different climate, landscape, and permafrost regime scenarios for the field case example of the relatively well characterized coastal catchment of Forsmark, Sweden. The regime scenarios were selected from long-term simulation results of climate, topographical, shoreline, and associated Quaternary deposit and vegetation development in this catchment with a time perspective of 100,000 years or more and were used as drivers for hydrological simulations with the three-dimensional model MIKE SHE. The hydrological simulations quantify the responses of different water flow and water storage components of terrestrial hydrology to shifts from the present cool temperate climate landscape regime in Forsmark to a possible future Arctic periglacial landscape regime with or without permafrost. The results show complexity and nonlinearity in the runoff responses to precipitation changes due to parallel changes in evapotranspiration, along with changes in surface and subsurface water storage dynamics and flow pathways through the landscape. The results further illuminate different possible perspectives of what constitutes wetter/drier landscape conditions, in contrast to the clearer concept of what constitutes a warmer/colder climate.

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In the paper "Chloride migration in heterogeneous soil, 2, Stochastic modeling" by G. Destouni et al. (Water Resources Research, 30(3), 747-758, 1994), equation (7) should read as follows: •0 t s(t, z)/p,4 = exp [-kitiSm(t; z) + 3'(t, T)Sm(T; Z) d, (7a) y(t, r) = kik2r exp I-kit-k2t + k2r] ß ]•[k•k2,(t-,)]H(t-,) (7b) in which •-= ,(z) is the arrival time to z of an indivisible solute particle that is advected along an individual streamline within a soil monolith. The function Sm(t; Z) (equation (8) or (9)) quantifies the relative frequency of arrival times •-= t in the considered monolith with mean arrival time T = ZOm/qs. Note also that in (3b) and (7b) •[k•k2r(t-r)] is a Bessel function with argument k•k•,(t-,) and not a multiplication of two functions.

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This paper describes solute transport modeling carried out as a part of an assessment of the long-term radiological safety of a planned deep rock repository for spent nuclear fuel in Forsmark, Sweden. Specifically, it presents transport modeling performed to locate and describe discharge areas for groundwater potentially carrying radionuclides from the repository to the surface where man and the environment could be affected by the contamination. The modeling results show that topography to large extent determines the discharge locations. Present and future lake and wetland objects are central for the radionuclide transport and dose calculations in the safety assessment. Results of detailed transport modeling focusing on the regolith and the upper part of the rock indicate that the identification of discharge areas and objects considered in the safety assessment is robust in the sense that it does not change when a more detailed model representation is used.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-013-0395-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.