Gulf of Mannar Ecosystem (GOME) covers an area spread over Rameswaram and Kanyakumari for about 19000 km 2 and lies between 78°11'E and 79°15' E longitude and 8°49'N and 9°15'N latitude. The 21 coral islands form a network of habitats for different kinds of fishes and marine organisms.
The advanced practice nurse (APN) is instrumental in differentiating between TCM versus acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, pulmonary edema, dynamic outflow obstruction, and cardiogenic shock. Because of these possible acute and critical presentations, prompt recognition and intervention for patients with TCM are priorities for nurse practitioners.
Reef associated fishes landed by hooks and lines at Mandapam landing centre in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu for a period of four years from October 2008 to May 2012 were studied based on fortnightly samplings. The hook and line fishing is seasonal in Gulf of Mannar and lasts for six months annually from October - November to April - May, as this area remains rough during the rest of the year. The average annual landing of fish during the study period was 171 t with a peak of 295 t in 2008-09 and showed a decline since then. A total of 32 species of reef associated fishes belonging to 14 families were landed. Among them, Sphyraena barracuda contributed the maximum with a share of 42% followed by Caranx heberi (15%). Family-wise landings indicated the dominance of Sphyraenidae (46%). The diversity index (H’) was the highest during 2008-09 and the evenness of distribution of individuals among different species did not show significant variation in different years. Funnel plots of average taxonomic distinctness (∆+ ) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (λ+ ) indicated that the values in most of the years are within the normal limits.
The diversity of finfishes caught in traps at Keelakarai, Gulf of Mannar was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively for a period of six years from July 2006 to June 2012. Average landing during the period was 109 t per year with maximum of 137 t during 2008-09. Among the 98 species of reef fishes landed, Siganus canaliculatus dominated (28%), followed by Scarus ghobban (21%). During the first two years of the study, S. ghobban dominated over S. canaliculatus and later the trend reversed. Family-wise, maximum contribution was by Siganidae (36%) followed by Scaridae (21%). Seasonally, the major peak was recorded during post-monsoon of 2009. The Shannon index of diversity was maximum during 2007-08. Cluster analysis indicated the highest similarity in species composition between 2010-11 and 2011-12. SIMPER analysis identified 26 species as most significant in creating the observed pattern of similarity for 90% cut off contributions. Ellipse plot showed statistically significant deviation in fish diversity between years. Reef fish landings showed an increasing trend from 2006-07 to 2008-09, a decline afterwards and then almost steady condition prevailed during the last two years of the study which implies that there is no scope for further increase in landings by trap fishery at Keelakarai.
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