Ammonium perchlorate (AP) based solid propellant is a modern solid rocket propellant used in various applications. The combustion characteristics of AP based composite propellants were extensively studied by many research scholars to gain higher thrust. The amount of thrust and the thrust profile, which may be obtained from a specific grain design, is mainly determined by the propellant composition and the manufacturing process that produces the solid propellant. This article is intended to review and discuss several aspects of the composition and preparation of the solid rocket propellant. The analysis covers the main ingredients of AP based propellants such as the binder, oxidizer, metal fuel, and plasticizers. The main conclusions are derived from each of its components with specific methods of good manufacturing practices. In conclusion, the AP based solid propellant, like other composite propellants is highly influenced by its composition. However, the quality of the finished grain is mainly due to the manufacturing process.
A high concentration of palm oil biodiesel fuel blend is a strong candidate to substitute conventional diesel fuel (B10) due to its prospect to release fewer emissions. This paper shall present findings when testing palm oil biodiesel fuel blends (B10, B20, and B30) at medium speed (2500 rpm) in a single-cylinder Yanmar L70N diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer. In this study, a timed burette and an airbox determined the engine’s fuel and air consumption, respectively. In contrast, a flue gas analyzer measured the emission released by the fuel blend. The result indicates that as the concentration of palm oil biodiesel increases in the blends (from B10 to B30), there is no significant difference (average less than 5%) between the fuel blends in terms of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and air-fuel ratio. On the other hand, the emission results showed a reduction in CO, CO2, and NOx when the concentration of palm oil biodiesel increases in the blends. Considering the fuel blend would have no significant difference in the engine performance and its ability to reduce most emission, it is safe to conclude that B30 would be a good alternative for current diesel fuel (B10).
Air intake system of an internal combustion engine plays main role in delivering fresh air from the environment to the engine and dampening the sound of the engine combustion process coming from the engine combustion process. In this study, a simulation was conducted to improve the existing air intake system design in terms of acoustic study to have better sound quality by modifying the resonators, air duct and airbox volume of the air intake module. This study implements the 1-dimensional simulation study using commercial software, correlate to the 1.6-liter natural aspirated engine. The objective of this study is to decrease the engine noise at snorkel of the air intake module without losing too much of pressure drop. At the end of this study, the analysis defines the geometry of air intake module with the recommended resonator for fabrication and physical testing. The simulation result shows that the modified air intake module meet the objective and fulfil the performance target.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.