Recent advances in membrane technologies have enhanced the viability of water treatment strategies that employ semipermeable barriers. Forward osmosis (FO), which exploits the natural osmotic pressure gradient between a ''draw'' solution and a ''feed'' solution to produce potable water, offers a low-energy, low-cost alternative to more conventional treatment methods. Surfactants, because of their tendencies to aggregate into micelles and to adsorb at interfaces, provide intriguing osmotic pressures and offer exploitable properties by which draw solutions can be regenerated. The effectiveness of surfactant-based FO using cellulose triacetate membranes has been assessed in terms of water flux and reverse surfactant diffusion using cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium dodecylsulfate, and Triton X-100. The ratios of water flux to surfactant flux exceeded 600 L mol -1 for all surfactants studied. Surfactant recoveries of over 99 % were achieved by ultrafiltration using regenerated cellulose membranes.
Abstract. The scientific model development process is often documented in an ad-hoc unstructured manner leading to difficulty in attributing provenance to data products. This can cause issues when the data owner or other interested stakeholder seeks to interpret the data at a later date. In this paper we discuss the design, development and evaluation of a Semantically-enhanced Electronic Lab-Notebook to facilitate the capture of provenance for the model development process, within the atmospheric chemistry community. We then proceed to consider the value of semantically enhanced provenance within the wider community processes, Semantically-enhanced Model-Experiment Evaluation Processes (SeMEEPs), that leverage data generated by experiments and computational models to conduct evaluations.
The development and maintenance of benchmark databases within scientific communities is reliant on interactions with database users. We explore the role of semantically enhanced provenance for computational modelling processes that make use of one such database: the master chemical mechanism, a key resource within the atmospheric chemistry community.
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