The alveolinids were once highly widespread in the Cenomanian of the Tethys Basin. Even though evolutionary studies have, thus far, been conducted using material from many countries e.g. Spain, Oman, and the UAE, the Zagros region in SW Iran has not been studied yet. Two sections of the Sarvak Formation in the Pyun and Kuh‐e‐Zana areas were investigated. Five type levels can be identified in the Pyun section. The evolutionary trend begins with praealveolinids followed by ovalveolinids in the Early Cenomanian. Cisalveolinids firstly appear in the Late Cenomanian strata and then Multispirina is derived. Then Simplalveolina simplex appears, which is derived from Multispirina iranensis. At the Kuh‐e Zana section, the evolutionary trend was observed in three levels. There is no ideal evolutionary trend because Multispirina and Simplalveolina are absent in this section. The identified trends are similar to those of the Iberian Ranges in Spain.

Summary Voltage and current imbalance have adverse impacts on power systems such as power loss increase, communication interference, and component lifetime reduction. This paper attempts to look at unbalance impacts from distribution system operator's (DSO) viewpoint in order to understand them and then mitigate the impacts. Since solving the unbalance conditions is influenced by the way the imbalance is defined, standard unbalance indexes are studied, and new indexes are proposed in this paper. Re‐phasing of the customers is selected to reduce the level of unbalance in distribution feeders. Due to the huge number of customers, a wide variety of choices can be selected for re‐phasing of customers, which makes the solution questionable. Therefore, discrete genetic algorithm (DGA) as a metaheuristic method has been utilized in order to distribute customers among the network phases optimally considering the fact that DSO has a limitation for the re‐phasing practice. The aim is to reduce the unbalance indexes and power losses throughout the network. Simulations have been carried out on a real test case network, which shows the importance of load balancing and its effects on the power losses, voltage profile, and current flow in that network. The effectiveness of the proposed indexes has also been demonstrated for the four‐wire multigrounded distribution system. Since re‐phasing of the majority of customers in distribution networks seems impractical, a re‐phasing limitation is also investigated in this paper, and some practical suggestions of optimal load balancing in a real‐world low‐voltage distribution system have been presented here. Results show the importance of load balancing in power loss reduction and voltage unbalance improvement in the low‐voltage four‐wire multigrounded distribution system. They also illustrate that by changing phases of a few customers, power losses and unbalance indexes will be improved significantly.

The Sarvak Formation is a carbonate sequence of Late Albian-Early Turonian age in Zagros Basin in Iran. In this investigation, the Sarvak Formation at the Pyun Anticline section (Izeh Zone) has been studied. It consists of 797 m thick limestone which overlies the Kazhdumi Formation conformably and underlies the Gurpi Formation unconformably at the Pyun Anticline. A very rich fossil association (85 genera and 132 species) characterizes the Pyun section. Based on the stratigraphic distribution of diagnosed foraminifera, five biozones are established: 1, Muricohedbergella-Globigerinelloides sp. assemblage zone (Late Albian); 2, Praealveolina iberica-Chrysalidina gradata interval zone (Early Cenomanian); 3, Chrysalidina gradata-Cisalveolina fraasi (fallax) and C. lehneri interval zone (Middle Cenomanian); 4, C. fraasi (fallax) and C. lehneri-Praetaberina bingistani assemblage zone (Late Cenomanian); 5, Nezzazatinella picardi-Mangashtia-Dicyclina assemblage zone (Early Turonian). Based on the petrographic and sedimentological analyses, some 13 carbonate microfacies were identified. The investigated microfacies confirm a ramp-type paleoenvironment. These microfacies, from distal to proximal environments, consist of: MF1:

Fahliyan Formation is importance in terms of Zagros stratigraphy since it is one of the oil reservoir rocks at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. This rock unit consists of two types of deep and shallow facies in Zagros area. Recognition of bio-zones as well as discontinuity or continuity between the studied formation and the encompassed strata is taken into consideration. In order to study biostratigraphy on Fahliyan Formation, the stratigraphic section of Kuh-e-siah in the northeast of Fars Province was selected. In this section, Fahliyan Formation is measured 345 m consisting of thin to medium-bedded of limestone with the interbeds of sandy and dolomitic limestones. Fahliyan Formation conformably overlies Surmeh formation and underlies the marls of Gadvan formation. Vertical distribution of the identified foraminifers and calcareous algae confirms presence of 3 biozones in the sediments of Fahliyan Formation, as follows: 1) Calpionella alpina zone; 2) Pseudochrysalidina conica zone; 3) Pseudocyclammina lituus-Trocholina sp. assemblage zone. Based on Established biozones, the age of Fahliyan Formation in Kuh-e-Siah section was determined from Berriasian to Late Hauterivian.

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In this manuscript, Notes to comment on "Evolutionary trend of Cenomanian alveolinids from Zagros Basin, SW of Iran" by Consorti and Vicedo (2022) in Geological Journal, will be answered. Received data coincided with the previous determination of the alveolinids microscopic investigation and corresponded with the biostratigraphical database remarkably. No contaminated data were recognized in this work and the faunal assemblage in the Sarvak Formation was checked in detail. Both Cenomanian shallow water and pelagic sediments of the Sarvak Formation in the Zagros Basin are well-known oil reservoir rocks. The Formation has been studied from the point of view of biostratigraphy, facies analysis, and sequence stratigraphy (Arampour, Afghah, &

Asmari Formation is the thick sequence of carbonate sediment in the range of Oligocene-Miocene which is deposited in the foreland basins of the Zagros and is considered as the original and most famous reservoir rock of Zagros basin. To study of lithostratigraphic units and sequence stratigraphy of this Formation, the section in the southeast of Norabad was selected. Field study indicated that Asmari Formation possessed the thickness of 401.5m and included 9 lithostratigraphic units. According to the study of microfacies, Stacking pattern and identification of main sequence level, three depositional sequences including two-second order and one-third order sequence were recognized. The sea-level curve in the studied section indicated that it was correspondence to the global sea level curve. These facies deposited in five environmental sedimentations as follow Open Sea Shelf (Fore Barrier), Bar, Lagoon, Back bar shelf, and Shoal. The environment is part of a carbonate platform that has been formed on an open shelf. In addition, according to the Study of foraminifer dispersion pattern the range of Asmari Formation in Norabad was suggested to be Oligocene (Rupelian- Chattian) to lower Miocene (Aquitanian- Burdigalian).