The Arabic NEQ generated a lower internal consistency score as compared to previous translations, but a similar factor structure. A cut score of 26 is similar to that determined significant for screening purposes in the original English version, and the proportion of those scoring above it is also similar to those of several international community samples. More research is needed to characterize night eating syndrome, its symptoms, and clinical impact in the Arabic culture.

Anger and aggression have large impact on people’s safety and the society at large. In order to provide an intervention to minimise aggressive behaviours, it is important to understand the neural and cognitive aspects of anger and aggression. In this systematic review, we investigate the cognitive and neural aspects of anger-related processes, including anger-related behaviours and anger reduction. Using this information, we then review prior existing methods on the treatment of anger-related disorders as well as anger management, including mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy. At the cognitive level, our review that anger is associated with excessive attention to anger-related stimuli and impulsivity. At the neural level, anger is associated with abnormal functioning of the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. In conclusions, based on cognitive and neural studies, we here argue that mindfulness based cognitive behavioural therapy may be better at reducing anger and aggression than other behavioural treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy or mindfulness alone. We provide key information on future research work and best ways to manage anger and reduce aggression. Importantly, future research should investigate how anger related behaviours is acquired and how stress impacts the development of anger.

Disabled students are capable of learning and growing equally to normal students, therefore the educational infrastructure of many developed countries is inclined towards an inclusive educational system. However, such students, unfortunately, are not treated well in developing countries where teachers’ attitudes are a key hindrance to an inclusive education system. This study assesses future faculty attitudes towards inclusive education in Qatari independent schools. A mixed population from Arabic studies, Islamic studies, English language, social studies, mathematics, and science sections of both primary and secondary programmes are selected from the College of Education at Qatar University. The Questionnaire of Attitudes towards Inclusion (QAI) is designed for populations of all genders and sections. Data are analysed statistically initially using the t-test and, later with descriptive statistics in SPSS software. The research findings suggests that future faculty show a positive attitude concerning with inclusive education. However, this attitude toward teaching special children varies which depends on the severity of disability and the nature. Further, teachers prefer to teach mild special children for instance those with learning disabilities. Additionally, the findings reveal no substantial differences in future faculty attitudes to special children in inclusive education with respect to gender or specialization. The study emphasizes the importance of academic and psychological preparation of teachers in Qatari independent schools to understand the nature of disability and motivate them to enhance their acceptance of children with disabilities.   Keywords: Disabled students, inclusive education, Qatari independent schools, special education, teaching attitude

Background: Addiction to Medical Website AMW is a kind of behavioral addiction characterized by excessive online health research. This leads to an unpleasant state of mind, health anxiety, and anxiety. Still, the measurement of AMW needs further research efforts. Aims: The present study aimed to develop a scale to assess the Addiction to Medical Website Scale (AMWS) according to DSM-5 and to evaluate its structure, reliability and validity. Method: A survey-based investigation has been carried out among a sample of university undergraduate students (N=220). Two different types of factor analysis are performed, i.e. exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify correlation among scale items and domains, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the developed scale. Three-factor structure (i.e. domains) were labelled as Independency, Preoccupation, and Obsession, Negative emotions and social influences, and Excessive use. This study’s findings were validated using CFA conducted in smart PLS using convergent validity and discriminant validity. Results: Reliability of scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, composite true reliability, and composite reliabilities for the overall scale, and the three dimensions are within the acceptable range, i.e., from .866 to .959. Out of 20 Scale Items, 11 items were found highly correlated with factor loading more than 0.708. Scale validity was accessed using Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and via heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT) and found more than a threshold of 0.90. The highest correlated dimension is found as Negative Emotions and Social Influences (FS: 0.735), followed by Independency, Preoccupation, & Obsession (FS: 0.695), and the last being Excessive Use (FS: 0.681). Conclusions: The AMW Scale demonstrated good psychometric properties, as can be seen from the results. The majority of Scale Items were correlated with high factor loading. The validity of scale further confirms the applicability of scale in large settings. This scale may be helpful for future researchers to validate it again in many other communities.

Research on internet gaming disorder (IGD) has increased considerably over the last decade. Although most IGD research has focused on Western or South Asian samples, it is critical to understand and assess this disorder among other populations. The present study investigated the association between IGD and sensation seeking among Arab adolescents. An online survey consisting of the short internet gaming disorder short scale (IGDSS) and brief sensation seeking scale (B-SSS) was completed by 260 participants (mean age = 14.61, SD = 2.43). The results showed that sensation seeking behaviours were associated with higher gaming hours and greater chances of exhibiting IGD. The findings support the current perspective of understanding this disorder from a disease framework as it highlights the relevance of behavioural components in gaming addiction. Importantly, the results will further aid the development of reliable diagnosis and efficacious treatments within clinical practices.