JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The American School of Classical Studies at Athens is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. TE ALytvaV KaL 7?7V 'EpE'rptav (tEKap7rovPro yap avTas 7 TLVES 4aotv, a 0Eo, oTt ToP 'AVrVwtoV C-Wro'baorav, Kat 'rpO0E`TL KaL ar7T7yopEVo-E o4LT-L ,18`va woAtLr 1v apyvpiov 7TOLELT LVOaL. iat avroto es ravTa Eoe TO TW4 Tri 'AOqvas ayaAyXarT G-v1,43v a'IToG-K^*/aL ev yap rT aKpo0ToAEL 7rpos aPaTo(AcP tpvv/iyEoP 7rpos Te Tas bvotras 1iETEoTpaf/7/1 Kat aLipa , , Dio fails to inform us of the reason for Augustus' visit, but instead he focuses on the two stops the Emperor made during his journey. In Sparta Augustus bestowed honors and benefactions on the city by awarding the island of Kythera to Spartan control and by attending the city's public banquet hall. These honors were doubtless conferred on the Spartans because, as reported by Dio (XLVIII.I5), they once provided refuge to Augustus' wife Livia who fled Italy with her then husband, T. Claudius Nero, and their son, the future emperor Tiberius, to avoid persecution. Augustus' visit to Athens, on the contrary, was quite different. Augustus took away Aigina and Eretria from Athenian sovereignty, and he also forbade the Athenians to sell 1 Cassius Dio, LIV.7.2-3:"He [Augustus] honoured the Lacedaemonians by giving them Cythera and attending their public mess, because Livia, when she fled from Italy with her husband and son, had spent some time there. But from the Athenians he took away Aegina and Eretria, from which they received tribute, because, as some say, they had espoused the cause of Antony; and he furthermore forbade them to make anyone a citizen for money. And it seemed to them that the thing which had happened to the statue of Athena was responsible for this misfortune; for this statue on the Acropolis, which wa-s placed to face the east, had turned around to the west and spat blood" (Loeb ed., E. Cary, trans.).This article is an expanded discussion of several historical points raised in my dissertation, The Roman Agora at Athens (Boston University, 1988). I am grateful to Tracy Cullen and my dissertation adviser Fred Kleiner for their excellent editorial comments and helpful criticisms. I also gratefully acknowledge Meyer