Dry cultivation is a new rice crop mode used to alleviate water shortage and develop water-saving agriculture. There is obvious genetic difference compared with drought-tolerant rice. Silicon (Si) plays an important role in plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions and can significantly improve the drought tolerance and yield of rice. However, the regulatory mechanism via which Si provides plant tolerance or adaptation under dry cultivation is not well understood. The present study investigated the changes in plant growth, photosynthetic gas exchange, and oxidative stress of the rice cultivar “Suijing 18” under dry cultivation. Si improved photosynthetic performance and antioxidant enzyme activity and subsequently reduced lipid peroxidation of rice seedlings, promoted LAI and promoted leaf growth under dry cultivation. Further, transcriptomics combined with quasi-targeted metabolomics detected 1416 and 520 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 38 and 41 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in the rice leaves and roots, respectively. Among them, 13 DEGs were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, promoting the accumulation of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and flavonols in the roots and leaves of rice under dry cultivation. Meanwhile, 14 DEGs were involved in photosynthesis, promoting photosystem I and photosystem II responses, increasing the abundance of metabolites in leaves. On the other hand, 24 DAMs were identified involved in osmoregulatory processes, significantly increasing amino acids and carbohydrates and their derivatives in roots. These results provide new insight into the role of Si in alleviating to adverse environmental, Si enhanced the accumulation of flavonoids and osmoregulatory metabolites, thereby alleviating drought effect on the roots. On the other hand, improving dehydration resistance of leaves, guaranteeing normal photosynthesis and downward transport of organic matter. In conclusion, Si promoted the coordinated action between the above-ground and below-ground plant parts, improved the root/shoot ratio (R/S) of rice and increased the sugar content and enhancing rice adaptability under dry cultivation conditions. The establishment of the system for increasing the yield of rice under dry cultivation provides theoretical and technical support thereby promoting the rapid development of rice in Northeast China, and ensuring national food security.
Drought is a serious factor limiting rice production, and it leads to huge economic losses. Considering the current and projected global food demand, increasing productivity of drought-prone crops has become critical. In order to achieve the production target, rice drought-tolerant germplasm resources are an important prerequisite for the development of water-saving cultivation. Through multi-indicator measurement, the stress effect of drought on rice was clarified and a preliminary drought resistance identification index system was established based on the response of plant the germination, seedling and adult stages of rice and materials suitable for dry cultivation were screened. The results showed that relative root length, relative root weight and relative shoot weight were most affected by drought stress at the germination stage, while root length and root dry weight were positively correlated with the drought survival proportion at the seedling stage; high net photosynthetic rates and antioxidant enzyme activities are maintained in the late period in strongly drought-tolerant varieties. In this experiment, two drought-resistant varieties were screened, there was a high consistency in the screening of drought-tolerant varieties at the germination and seedling stages, with their joint screening showing the same performance as at the adult stage. The drought-resistant varieties at the adult stage can promote seed filling and ensure group yield by prolonging photosynthesis time and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, which can provide theoretical support and material basis for future variety screening and evaluation, as well as rice dry-crop cultivation.
The conflict between rice production and water scarcity is becoming more pronounced. Therefore, the advancement of water‐saving rice cultivation is crucial in guaranteeing both food and ecological security. This study provides a summary of the development and characteristics of various water‐saving cultivation techniques for rice, including alternate wetting and drying irrigation, wet irrigation, controlled irrigation, the system of rice intensification, direct seeding rice, and dry cultivation of rice (DCR). We also introduce the varietal characteristics of upland rice, aerobic rice, water‐saving and drought‐resistant rice, and DCR. We summarize the impact of different water‐saving cultivation models on yield and quality and regulatory measures, and propose challenges and strategies for the development of water‐saving cultivation of rice in the future. We hope to provide a reference for promoting the development of rice water‐saving cultivation and dry farming agriculture.
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