Hydatid disease is a significant infestation caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Primary hydatid disease of the head and neck without systemic involvement is quite rare in endemic regions.

Objective To compare patients that received intravenous (i.v.) analgesics with those that received transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients that had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy and divided them into two groups: the i.v. analgesic group (controls; group A) and the TAP block group (group T). Data retrieved from the medical records included postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, total hospital stay, additional analgesic requirements and the occurrence of nausea and vomiting. Results A total of 515 patients were included (group A, n = 247; group T, n = 268). Postoperative VAS pain scores at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h and the need for additional analgesics were significantly lower in group T than in group A. Postoperative VAS pain scores at 12 and 24 h were significantly higher in group T than in group A. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly lower in group T than in group A. The rate of ICU admission in group T was significantly lower than in group A. Conclusions Effective postoperative analgesia can be achieved with TAP block and undesirable effects can be reduced.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative serum inflammatory cytokine levels are thought to reflect the magnitude of surgical stress. Cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an early marker of systemic inflammatory response and tissue damage. This study evaluated levels of IL-6 after open and laparoscopic appendectomy to compare the degree of surgical stress associated with these procedures.

Echinococus granulosus causes the echinococcosis also known as hydatid cyst disease. Hydatid cyst disease is a parasitic infection. This parasit is identified by Basch for the first time and defined as echinococus granulosus [1]. Hydatid cyst is presently a prevalent health problem in our country. Echinococus granulosus may indwell all the organs. But liver and lungs are affected usually. Especially; extrahepatic localization is rare. Animals consumed as nutrients, are parasit's intermediate host. The last host is canine genus. The echinococus larvas named as hexagons, are taken by gastrointestinal way. The embryos come to liver by the veins and to the other organs by the lenfatic way. In this article, hydatid cyst cases presenting with different clinical features and localized in extrahepatic organs, are discussed. Methods Patients; with hydatid cysts who are operated in our hospital, between 2015 and 2018, were evaluated. 20 patients with hydatid cyst disease who has extra hepatic located cysts, were detected.Patients were evaluated in terms of; age, sex, location of the cyst, cyst size, diagnostic method, applied surgical method and recurrence. Chest radiography, ultrasonography (USG) and computerized tomography (CT) was performed for all patients before surgery.1/320 serum titres were accepted as positive for echinococcosis for indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) in our hospital. Liver located cases and echinococcus alveolaris cases were eleminated. ResultsFigure 1: Gender distribution of the patients.

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