Tin-, zirconium- and hafnium-containing siliceous Beta zeolite were investigated in the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of furfural under continuous flow conditions.
An
important advance in fluid surface control was the amphiphilic
surfactant composed of coupled molecular structures (i.e., hydrophilic
and hydrophobic) to reduce surface tension between two distinct fluid
phases. However, implementation of simple surfactants has been hindered
by the broad range of applications in water containing alkaline earth
metals (i.e., hard water), which disrupt surfactant function and require
extensive use of undesirable and expensive chelating additives. Here
we show that sugar-derived furans can be linked with triglyceride-derived
fatty acid chains via Friedel–Crafts acylation within single
layer (SPP) zeolite catalysts. These alkylfuran surfactants independently
suppress the effects of hard water while simultaneously permitting
broad tunability of size, structure, and function, which can be optimized
for superior capability for forming micelles and solubilizing in water.
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