As the American craft brewing industry matures, closures are becoming more prevalent. This paper studies the geographic patterns of and locational factors associated with craft brewery closures in three US cities with particular focus on the role of clustering on firm mortality. While the proximity of other breweries is not statistically significant in explaining brewery mortality, closures appear to occur outside of known clusters and in more residential areas outside of downtown districts. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between clustering and firm failure rates as well as the debate regarding land use regulations surrounding craft breweries.
This paper analyzes the high-tech economies of 350-plus metropolitan areas across the U.S. during 2010. Attention is given to 20 different production attributes-including the age and education of the workforce, patent production, business startups, per capita productivity of the workers, and the like. Multivariate analysis is used to reduce these 20 attributes down to 10 orthogonal dimensions; then the scores on these dimensions are used to identify eight different innovation and entrepreneurial clubs. Basically the exercise deconstructs the metropolitan economies into various parts so that each economy is assigned a signature score on each of the independent factors. High-tech places, which are especially active in both patents and startups, are shown to be more heterogeneous than low-tech places. Moreover, the recent growth and change seen in many metropolitan areas appears to be associated with the incidence of very different factors: population growth has been driven by forces that are different from those that have induced either employment change or productivity growth in those metropolitan areas.
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