Abstract-Several service-based systems quality assurance proposals 147 that aggregate monitoring and analysis facilities can be found 148 in the literature. To conduct the search of the related work, we 149 have revised the most relevant conferences and journals in the 150 area, selecting those papers that were scoped in the field of 151 SLA monitoring and analysis. Furthermore, we have increased 152 the results by adding relevant papers obtained from experts in 153 the field. Table I summarizes the results of this study.
154We have examined the selected papers under the four factors 155 described in the introduction. The first three factors fall into 156 the functionality of the proposed solution, whereas the fourth 157 factor falls into its architecture.
158Functionality. Considering the three factors for functionality 159 identified in the introduction, we focus on the following issues: 160 (1) Which SLAs are supported, (2a) How the information 161 to configure the monitor is specified, (2b) How the QoS 162 monitoring result is specified and (3) How the violations are 163 explained.
164Architecture. The issues arising from this factor are: (4a) 165 Which architectural elements are needed and (4b) How the 166 architectural elements are structured.
167We analyse these issues below:
Cloud Computing enables the construction and the provisioning of virtualized service-based applications in a simple and cost effective outsourcing to dynamic service environments. Cloud Federations envisage a distributed, heterogeneous environment consisting of various cloud infrastructures by aggregating different IaaS provider capabilities coming from both the commercial and the academic area. In this paper, we introduce a federated cloud management solution that operates the federation through utilizing cloudbrokers for various IaaS providers. In order to enable an enhanced provider selection and inter-cloud service executions, an integrated monitoring approach is proposed which is capable of measuring the availability and reliability of the provisioned services in different providers. To this end, a minimal metric monitoring service has been designed and used together with a service monitoring solution to measure cloud performance. The transparent and cost effective operation on commercial clouds and the capability to simultaneously monitor both private and public clouds were the major design goals of this integrated cloud monitoring approach. Finally, the evaluation of our proposed solution is pre-
a b s t r a c tThe project ''Brick-topia'' was based on a combination of the latest structural analysis and form-finding computational tools with traditional, cheap and effective construction techniques. It is the result of innovation to fight against budget and time. The initial budget was 3000 euros and only seven weeks was the time to look for sponsors, design the pavilion, plan the construction phases and build it.The whole process of designing, decision on the materials, structural analysis and construction is presented in the paper, including exploration on new form-finding methods to redesign a project in situ and research on a new formwork system using scaffolding, cardboard, wire and steel rods and having a cutter as main tool.
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