Custo anualizado equivalente (CAE) para o trator MF 296-nº na frota 122-à taxa de desconto de 8% a. a.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic benefit of coffee cultivation, with a focus on the distinction between conventional and irrigated coffee production systems. For the development of the study, the various productive systems were delineated from the data provided by a sample of producers to generate a matrix of average technical coefficients. The methodology used to estimate the operating cost of production is the one used by the Instituto de Economia Agrícola (IEA). Profitability indicators were also evaluated. Results indicated that the effective operational cost (EOC) incurred in the irrigated production system is higher than that in the conventional system. As regards the cost composition, in the conventional coffee production system, the largest cost incurred is on fertilizers among all inputs, whereas in the irrigated production system, the largest cost incurred is on machinery and equipment that are mainly used in harvesting, for the period 2013-2015. Profitability index of the conventional coffee production system in 2015 was 44.8%, and that of the drip irrigated production system was 49.7%. In 2014, profitability rates were negative for both the conventional (-13.9%) and irrigated coffee production systems (-8.6%). The most preferable choice was found to be the irrigated production system, as it allows reducing the risk of loss in production during prolonged periods of water shortage as well as greater yields due to a larger production of grains.
Neste estudo, estimamos os dispêndios energéticos nos sistemas de produção de café convencional e irrigado por gotejo. Para tal, construiu-se o itinerário técnico dos quatro anos de produção de café dos dois sistemas. Os insumos utilizados (mão-de-obra, horas máquina, irrigação, defensivos, fertilizantes, entre outros) convertidos em unidades de energia, quantificaram as entradas energéticas, enquanto a produção de café em grão beneficiado constituiu a saída energética. Para o levantamento dos requerimentos de insumos e de volume de produção de café utilizou-se uma amostragem probabilística intencional. Foram entrevistados cinco produtores cuja principal fonte de renda é a produção de café e que mantêm registros dos dados da cultura. Os resultados energéticos mostram que na estrutura de dispêndios energéticos por tipo, fonte e origem, tem-se que a energia indireta participou com mais de 66%, sendo os adubos os dispêndios mais altos. O balanço energético, que mostra a diferença entre as energias totais e “entradas” de energias não renováveis, foi positivo nos dois sistemas produtivos, em média de 25.258,55 MJ ha-1 para o café convencional e 26.712,94 MJ ha-1 para o café irrigado por gotejo. A melhor opção entre os dois sistemas para o produtor em termos energéticos é o café irrigado por gotejo, pois possibilita que o produtor tenha uma melhor saída de energia mesmo tendo um valor maior no balanço energético.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Café, Sistema De Produção, Dispêndios Energéticos. ENERGY BALANCE OF CONVENTIONAL AND IRRIGATED COFFEE PRODUCTION SYSTEMSABSTRACT: In this study, we estimated the energy expenditure in both conventional and drip irrigated coffee production systems. Therefore, the technical itinerary from both systems four years coffee production was constructed. The inputs used (labor, machine hours, irrigation, pesticides, fertilizers, among others) were converted into energy units quantifying the energy input, while the benefited coffee beans produced the output energy. An intentional and non-probabilistic sampling was used to survey the systems requirements of inputs and volume of coffee production. Five producers were interviewed whose main source of income is coffee production and have kept records of crop data. Indirect energy represented more than 66% of energy balance, from which fertilizers expressed the highest expenditures. The energy balance, which shows the difference between total energies and non-renewable energies, was positive in both production systems, averaging 25,258.55 MJ ha-1 in conventional coffee and 26,712.94 MJ ha-1 in drip irrigated coffee. Regarding energy balance, the best system option is drip irrigated coffee, since it allows the producer to have a better output of energy even though with higher value in energy balance.KEYWORDS: Coffee, Production System, Energy Expenditure.
The rubber tree seedlings are basic inputs accounted for in the economic and sustainability assessments of natural rubber production systems. The emergy synthesis evaluated sustainability by accounting the energy flows converted to emergy by multiplying their quantities of resources by the respective unit emergy values (UEVs). The rubber tree seedling UVS calculated with the biogeosphere emergy baseline of 12.0E+24 sej yr-1, had a transformity equal to 2.44E+6 sej J-1, a specific emergy of 2.68E+9 sej g-1 and emergy per seedling unit of 4.02E+12 sej unit-1. The system is sustainable as shown the renewability of 59.76%. The seedlings producer was favored in the emergy exchange relations in the sale of the seedlings, EER(U) of 0.36), and in the most the purchases of inputs, EER(F) of 71.85. The calculated UEVs are applicable in the evaluation of natural rubber production systems for the Northwest Region of the State of São Paulo, formed with seedlings produced into the plastic bags in the soil.
The energy balance aims to establish the energy flows, identifying the total demand and efficiency, reflected by the net gain and the output / input ratio. The objective of this study is to analyze the energy performance of rubber cultivation using indicators such as Cultural Efficiency, Cultural Productivity and Energy Efficiency and Energy Balance. We used data from the hues of technical coefficients and physical requirements of production factors for rubber in the State of São Paulo. The results show that the Energy Efficiency obtained was 7,05 units of non-renewable energy applied in the energy system. rubber production, this value indicates that the relationship between the sum of total energies and the sum of nonrenewable energy inputs is positive.
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