Application of chlorimuron and imazaquin at 0.28 kg ai/ha to field-grown sicklepod at early bloom and early fruit stages in 1984 and 1985 almost eliminated seed production. In addition, none of the seed produced following these treatments were capable of emergence during a 4-week period following acid scarification. Glyphosate applied at 0.28 kg ai/ha at early bloom decreased seed production 84% but did not affect seedling emergence in 1984, and precluded production of seed capable of emergence in 1985. Glyphosate applications at the early fruit stage reduced the number of seed that emerged 93 and 90% in 1984 and 1985, respectively. Application of 2,4-DB at 0.28 kg ai/ha and 2,4-D at 0.56 kg ai/ha at early bloom did not affect seed production or emergence in 1984 but almost eliminated production of seed capable of emergence in 1985. Applications of 2,4-DB and 2,4-D at the early fruit stage decreased the number of seed that emerged 99 and 52% in 1984 and 46 and 57% in 1985, respectively. Herbicide applications at the late fruit stage were generally less effective than earlier applications in reducing seed production and emergence.
Field studies were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to investigate postemergence (POST) applications of rimsulfuron (12 g ai/ha) plus thifensulfuron-methyl (6 g ai/ha) in tank-mixtures with various acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and non–ALS-inhibitor herbicides for weed control in corn. Rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl controlled giant foxtail and common lambsquarters at least 95% but did not control common ragweed. Rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl tank-mixed with 20 g ai/ha primisulfuron-methyl, 17 g ai/ha CGA-152005 plus 18 g ai/ha primisulfuron, 18 or 36 g ai/ha halosulfuron-methyl, 18 g ai/ha nicosulfuron, or 280 g ai/ha dicamba controlled giant foxtail at least 89%, common lambsquarters at least 96% and, with the exception of the nicosulfuron combination, controlled common ragweed at least 88%. Rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl tank-mixed with flumetsulam (26 g ai/ha) plus clopyralid (69 g ai/ha) plus 2,4-D (140 g ai/ha), atrazine (560 g ai/ha), 2,4-D (280 g/ha), or dicamba (308 g/ha) plus atrazine (588 g/ha) reduced the control of giant foxtail to less than 78% 26 d after treatment (DAT). Corn injury was less than 12% from rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl and from mixtures of rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl with other herbicides except when rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl was mixed with flumetsulam plus clopyralid plus 2,4-D. This combination injured corn 26%. In these studies the appropriate tank-mix partners for rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl were primisulfuron, CGA-152005 plus primisulfuron, and halosufluron-methyl.
Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the response of common lambsquarters to POST applications of halosulfuron–methyl plus 2,4-D admixtures and to investigate the effects of 2,4-D on the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of halosulfuron. In the greenhouse, halosulfuron at 0, 4.5, 9, 18, and 36 g ai/ha was applied alone and mixed with 2,4-D at 0, 17, 35, and 70 g ai/ha POST to 7.5- to 9-cm seedlings, and plant fresh weights were determined 4 wk after treatment (WAT). Halosulfuron alone did not control this weed, while fresh weights of common lambsquarters treated with 2,4-D declined hyperbolically as rates increased. A synergistic response for mixtures of these herbicides occurred, as observed fresh weights for all combinations were less than expected based on independent action and the calibrated marginal responses. In the laboratory, 7.5- to 9-cm seedlings were treated POST with commercially formulated halosulfuron at 9 and 18 g/ha and 2,4-D at 0, 70, and 140 g/ha, respectively, followed by foliar-applied14C-halosulfuron. Absorption of14C-halosulfuron increased with time, and absorption and translocation were not influenced by the addition of 2,4-D. Results from these studies inferred that halosulfuron and 2,4-D were generally synergistic on common lambsquarters and that mechanisms other than absorption, translocation, and metabolism may explain this response.
Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans (Glycine max) have become the dominant type of soybean grown throughout most soybean growing areas. This RR soybean technology allows the opportunity to add foliar fertilizers to glyphosate. This opportunity is attractive to growers because it eliminates the cost of application associated with foliar fertilization. Nonetheless, if this application of fertilizer results in no yield increases, the purchase of the fertilizer would decrease overall profitability. We evaluated soybean yield response to several foliar fertilizers on Coastal Plain soils over eight site‐years. Norcop, Nutrition Plus, Ele‐Max (Mn), and 8‐0‐0‐9 were applied with glyphosate on RR soybean. Nitrogen containing products (CoRon) were also evaluated for potential yield responses when applied during early reproductive growth. With the exception of the 8‐0‐0‐9, our results showed no injury to soybean foliage when these products were used at recommended rates. The 8‐0‐0‐9 caused serious foliar injury when applied at a rate of N at 25 lb/acre. The effectiveness of glyphosate herbicide was not affected by the foliar fertilizers. Overall, our results indicated that there was no yield increase from adding these foliar fertilizers to glyphosate, and there was no yield increase from the application of N fertilizers during early reproductive growth.
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