The therapeutic benefits of extracts obtained from different red grape fractions were thoroughly studied, however, data regarding the comparison of phytochemical extracts prepared from the same varieties coming from organic versus conventional management systems are rather lacking. The present study aimed at comparing some of the phytochemical characteristics and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic (50% v/v) extracts obtained from four varieties of red grapes cultivated respectively in organic and conventional vineyards. Total flavonoid content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity were determined by molecular absorption spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity of the studied extracts was evaluated against common bacterial strains isolated from different habitats according to specific lab procedures. The analyses were performed in solid broths by applying the disk diffusion method, which allowed for the simultaneous determination of the spectrum of the sensitivity of the tested bacteria as well as the values of the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). It was found that favorable antagonistic activities against the tested bacteria strains were exhibited by the hydroalcoholic extracts from the seeds of the organic varieties, respectively the skin of the conventional varieties.

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In this study, the chemical composition of Juglandis semen extracts obtained by different extraction solvents and methods were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The multivariate analyses, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of the FTIR and Raman spectral datasets, were performed to determine the differences in the chemical composition according to the solvent (e.g., mixture of water with alcohol, glycerole, and propylene glycol) and the extraction method (i.e., ultrasound‐assisted extraction, rapid pressurized extraction, and subcritical fluid extraction). The obtained results reveal that the J. semen extracts with water‐alcohol solvent have equivalent chemical composition. A well‐defined differentiation based on extraction method could not be highlighted. Based on FTIR data compilation, it can be observed that a first classification can be made based on the solvent, acidic or basic, used for extraction methods (except subcritical fluid extraction ‐ SFE, clustering is clearly assigned by the solvent). Multivariate analysis on FTIR and Raman spectral data was able to differentiate SFE extract as a unique cluster, which means HFC134a solvent allowed a specific extraction (from organic constituents' point of view) due to the selected conditions of extraction method.