In recent years, Loop Quantum Gravity has emerged as a solid candidate for a nonperturbative quantum theory of General Relativity. It is a background independent theory based on a description of the gravitational field in terms of holonomies and fluxes. In order to discuss its physical implications, a lot of attention has been paid to the application of the quantization techniques of Loop Quantum Gravity to symmetry reduced models with cosmological solutions, a line of research that has been called Loop Quantum Cosmology. We summarize its fundamentals and the main differences with respect to the more conventional quantization approaches employed in cosmology until now. In addition, we comment on the most important results that have been obtained in Loop Quantum Cosmology by analyzing simple homogeneous and isotropic models. These results include the resolution of the classical big-bang singularity, which is replaced by a quantum bounce.
This paper is devoted to introducing a new approach for computing the topology of a real algebraic plane curve presented either parametrically or defined by its implicit equation when the corresponding polynomials which describe the curve are known only "by values". This approach is based on the replacement of the usual algebraic manipulation of the polynomials (and their roots) appearing in the topology determination of the given curve with the computation of numerical matrices (and their eigenvalues). Such numerical matrices arise from a typical construction in Elimination Theory known as the Bézout matrix which in our case is specified by the values of the defining polynomial equations on several sample points.
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