Поступила в редакцию 14.03.2014 г. В статье представлены методические приёмы и результаты оценки характеристик режимов устойчивых переходов среднесуточной температуры воздуха через 0, 5, 10, 15 °С на юге Западной Сибири. Показаны связи этих характеристик с макроциркуляционными условиями и с урожайностью зерновых культур. Ключевые слова: агроклиматические показатели, циркуляционные процессы атмосферы, юг Западной Сибири, вегетационный период, среднесуточная температура, устойчивый переход температуры, классификация режимов перехода, многолетняя динамика показателей, урожайность. * Результаты были получены в рамках выполнения государственного задания Минобрнауки России (№ 5.628.2014/K). This work was performed by order of the Ministry for education and science of the Russian Federation No. 5.628.2014/K.
Представлены результаты анализа пространственно-временной изменчивости экстремальных характеристик режима осадков на территории Западной Сибири, в том числе с применением компонентного и кластерного анализов. Рассчитаны характеристики: среднее многолетнее число дней с осадками ≥ 5 и ≥ 15 мм/24 ч, повторяемость дней с осадками за месяц и за год, максимальная непрерывная продолжительность периодов с экстремальными осадками, изменение режима осадков за период 1981-2010 гг. по отношению к периоду 1951-1980 гг. Выявлены классы в поле числа дней с осадками заданных критериев, распределение которых достаточно хорошо согласуется с распределением средних многолетних значений числа дней. Ключевые слова: Западная Сибирь; экстремальные атмосферные осадки; число дней; кластерный анализ.
The paper presents the mapped spatial distribution of the maximum hail days in the period 1966–2016 and the number of hailfall with different diameters and hail frequency from 2015 to 2018. The territories most affected by hail are identified, the key factor is orography. Hail with an annual frequency of occurrence is observed mainly in regions with an altitudes of more than 300 masl which influenced by the southern mountains of Siberia. The characteristics of convective clouds (height and cloud top temperature, thickness of the cloud, temperature at the condensation level) are presented according to upper-air sounding and satellite measurements. An assessment of synoptic processes on days with hail has shown an increase share of intra-mass processes, in particular, mesoscale convective systems (MCS) in the summer.
The article analyzes in detail the wind regime of the cold period of the year (October-April) and assesses the deflationary danger of soils in the southern part of the Tomsk Oblast. The source materials were historicalgeographical, cartographic, literary sources, wind speed data for the cold period of the weather stations Tomsk (1965-2017), Pervomayskoye (1965-2015 located in the subtaiga zone, and Bakchar in ИЗВЕСТИЯ РАН. СЕРИЯ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ том 85 № 4 2021 ВЕТРОВОЙ РЕЖИМ ЮГО-ВОСТОКА ЗАПАДНО-СИБИРСКОЙ РАВНИНЫ 537the southern taiga subzone. For the key section (20 km to the south-east of Tomsk), were used data from observations of the Tomsk aerometric station (AMSC Tomsk), located among agricultural land in an open area . Hourly data on wind speed and direction were analyzed for 2006-2015. Soil resistance to wind erosion is calculated according to the dependence proposed by M.E. Belgibaev. The ratio of the percentage composition of physical clay (less than 0.01 mm) and physical sand (0.01-1.0 mm) was proposed to be called the deflationary hazard indicator (DHI). This indicator is determined for the upper soil horizons (0-10 and 10-20 cm). The value of the DHI is distributed as follows: 0-0.3, very much pliable; 0.3-0.6, very pliable; 0.6-1.2, moderately pliable; 1.2-2.0 or more, slightly pliable. Soil deflation occurs unevenly in time and space and is cyclical in nature from 1-2 to 5-6 years. In the snow layer, up to 824-1848 g/m2 of aeolian particles accumulate during the years of active manifestation (2012). Deflation is most intense in the cold period of the year in the little-snowy winter during blowing snow. In addition, the process develops unevenly due to the influence of the meso-and micro-relief of arable land. Aeolian deposits in the snow layer are closely related to the soils of the region, the humus content reaches in them 5.1%.
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