This article discusses the process of modification of the polyester knitted fabric as a prerequisite for successful dyeing at a lower temperature and without the presence of the carrier. The processing preceding dyeing, alkali-alcohol hydrolysis with ultrasound, changes the surface morphology causing the peeling and cracks on the surface of polyester fibres of the knitted fabric, decreases the mass and thickness of the knitted fabric, improves the sorption features, capillarity and absorption of water and soaking. The process of dyeing of the modified polyester knitted fabric in the presence of ultrasound at the lower temperature gives much better results than dyeing without ultrasound, and it is very close to the standard process of dyeing of a raw sample at the higher temperature. By increasing the concentration, the level of dye exhaustion per mass unit of the knitted fabric decreases. At the highest applied dye concentrations and the longest dyeing, the biggest dye adsorption happens.
In this paper, modelling of dyeing, i.e. adsorptive behaviour of disperse dyes on polyester fibres (dyeing), under the influence of ultrasound has been considered with the aim of getting the data about mechanisms of binding the dyes and defining the conditions of dyeing process of this synthetic fibres along with additional energy source without the use of carriers, compounds that increase permeability of the fibres and help dyeing. Dyeing - adsorption is conducted under different conditions, and the concentration of dyes, mass of the substrate, recipes and time of dyeing were being varied. It has been established that ultrasound allows dyeing without carriers and the efficiency of dyeing depends on the time of contact, initial concentration of the dye and the amount of absorbent - material. There is the continuity of growth of the amount of bound dye to the mass of the absorbent. Characteristic graphs, obtained from Langmuir isotherm, have confirmed that this model ensures precise description of polyester dyeing by disperse dye. Kinetic of dyeing has been remarkably interpreted by pseudo second-order in regards to the high functionality.
This article discusses the process of polyester dyeing through the modelling process, i.e. the ability of adsorption of dyes for chemically modifi ed polyester fi bres of knitted fabrics in aqueous environment in the presence of ultrasound waves, at lower temperature and without carrier. Previous processing before dyeing, i.e. the alkali-alcohol hydrolysis with ultrasound, changes the surface morphology, decreases the mass and thickness of knitted fabric, improves the sorption features, capillarity and absorption of water, and wetting. The process of dyeing a modifi ed polyester knitted fabric in the presence of ultrasound at lower temperature gives much better results than dyeing without ultrasound and it is very close to the standard process of dyeing a raw sample at higher temperature. By modelling the system, it has been found that the Freundlich non-linear and linear isotherm are the most effi cient in simulating the isothermal adsorption of disperse dye on polyester knitted fabric, whereas Langmuir and Nernst give weaker results.
Water pollution has already become a significant worldwide problem, especially in the textile dyeing industry. This paper describes decolorization of dye water modelled by textile dye wastewater. Decolorization was performed on an adsorbent made from physicochemically modified waste hemp fibers, obtained as a by-product from the production of ropes. The adsorbent is relatively dispersive and contains heterogeneous porous particles, with carbon as a dominant element. Obtained results have shown that the positive effect of adsorption directly depends on contact time, pH, temperature, and initial dye concentration. Dye concentration decreases in time, especially when the used concentration is the initial one. The effect of temperature below 40 ?C is not significant, but adsorption gets more intensive when performed at 60 ?C. The higher degree of decolorization is achieved at lower initial dye concentrations, although the highest initial dye concentration leads to higher dye adsorption. The experimental results of adsorption were described by using the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity ranges from 1.98 to 2.13 mg g-1 for linear and 2.03 to 2.12 mg g-1 for nonlinear form.
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