The employment of di-2-pyridyl ketone, (py)CO, in heterometallic Mn/4f and homometallic Mn cluster chemistry has yielded six MnLn and two MnMn structurally related clusters, namely, [MnLnO{(py)CO}(NO)(RCO)(HO)](NO) (Ln = Gd, 1, 5; Dy, 2; Tb, 3; R = Et, 1-3; Me, 5), [MnDyO{(py)CO}(NO)(EtCO)(HO)(MeOH)]·0.7MeOH·0.8HO (4·0.7MeOH·0.8HO), [MnGdO{(py)CO}(NO)(CHClCO)(MeOH)(py)]·2MeOH (6·2MeOH), [MnO{(py)CO}(py)(HO)](ClO)·4HO (7·4HO), and [MnO{(py)CO}(NO)(py)] (8), where (py)CO is the dianion of the gem-diol derivative of (py)CO. The compounds possess a new type of cross-shaped structural core, which in the case of 1-6 is essentially planar, whereas in 7 and 8 it deviates from planarity. Clusters 1-6 are rare examples of Mn/4f species bearing (py)CO or its derivatives, despite the fact that this ligand has been well-studied and proven a rich source of more than 200 metal compounds so far. Variable-temperature, solid-state direct-current and alternating-current magnetization studies were performed on complexes 1-5, 7, and 8 revealing that the dominant exchange interactions between the metal ions are antiferromagnetic and indicating ground-state spin values of S = 5 (for 1), 6 (for 5), and 2 (for 7 and 8).
Increased level of flexibility is essential in power systems with high penetration of renewable energy sources in order to maintain the balance between the demand and generation. Actually, the flexibility provided by energy storage systems and flexible conventional resources (i.e., generating units) can play a vital role in the compensation of the renewable energy sources variability. In this paper, the flexibility of the conventional generating units is quantified and incorporated in a unit commitment model in order to evaluate the impact of different system flexibility levels on the optimal generation dispatch and on the operational cost of the power system. An emerging flexible option such as the battery storage is included in the unit commitment formulation, evaluating the flexibility contribution of the storage and its effect on the system operational cost. In this paper, the flexibility of a real power system is assessed while the unit commitment problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program. The results show that the integration of a storage unit in the power generation portfolio provides a significant amount of flexibility and reduces the system operational cost due to the peak shaving and valley filling.
Microgrids are becoming one of the main components of future smart grids. Ensuring their optimal and stable operation is of crucial importance and can be a challenging task. In this paper, two optimization algorithms are implemented for scheduling the microgrid operation in grid-connected and islanded modes, according to the priorities and objectives in each mode. For achieving an optimal operation at each mode, the proposed scheme is able to shed loads, define the generation level of the photovoltaics and regulate the charging/ discharging level of the Energy Storage System (ESS). The effectiveness of the proposed scheduling is demonstrated through an analytical realtime simulation, where various transitions between the gridconnected and islanded modes are considered. The results indicate that the proposed scheme is able to regulate successfully the energy flows of the microgrid even under various transitions.
The synthesis, crystal structures, Mössbauer spectra and variable temperature dc and ac magnetic susceptibility studies of a new family of trinuclear heterometallic Fe3+/Ln3+ complexes, [Fe2Ln(PhCO2)3((py)2CO2)((py)2C(OMe)O)2(NO3)Cl] (Ln = Gd (1/Gd), Tb...
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