RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a vigilância da doença de Chagas no Estado de São Paulo, através da notificação, na década de 1990. As informações foram originadas quando da notificação de triatomíneos pelos moradores e seguiram o normatizado pelo Programa de Controle. Foram recebidas 20.563 notificações de triatomíneos com queda ao longo dos anos, sendo esta mais acentuada na região que compreende a área de maior freqüência de encontro de Panstrongylus megistus. Cada notificação correspondeu em média a 1,3 exemplares de triatomíneos capturados (mediana=1), predominantemente no intradomicílio, enquanto nos atendimentos a média de insetos coletados foi de 3,6 (mediana=2), presentes na maioria no peridomicílio. A distribuição das notificações permitiu demarcar três áreas distintas do Estado: área 1-compreendida pelas regiões de São José do Rio Preto, Araçatuba e parte de Presidente Prudente; área 2-São Vicente e Sorocaba; área 3-municípios situados a nordeste da região de Campinas. A análise mostrou que a vigilância entomológica através da notificação de triatomíneos, a despeito da queda das mesmas, não tem detectado colônias intradomiciliares associadas a infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi que possam dar origem à transmissão vetorial da doença de Chagas humana. Palavras-chaves: Doença de Chagas. Programa de Controle. Notificações de triatomíneos. Vigilância entomológica. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze the surveillance of Chagas' disease in São Paulo State through notifications registered from 1990 to 1999. The information originated when notification of triatomines was announced by inhabitants and the established control program was followed. 20,563 triatomine notifications were received, showing a decrease over the years, with more accentuated decreases in the area of greatest frequency of Panstrongylus megistus. Each notification corresponded to an average of 1.3 examples of captured triatomines (median = 1), predominantly in the intradomicile area, while during attendance, the mean number of collected insects was 3.6 (median = 2), mostly present in the peridomicile area. The notification distribution permitted the demarcation of three different areas in the state: area 1, comprising the areas of São José do Rio Preto, Araçatuba and part of Presidente Prudente; area 2, São Vicente and Sorocaba; area 3, municipalities located to the northeast of the Campinas region. Analysis showed that entomological surveillance through triatomine notification, despite the fall in the same, has not detected intradomiciliary colonies associated with Trypanosoma cruzi which could give rise to vectorial transmission of Chagas' disease.
Aedes aegypti is an important vector in Brazil being the main vector of the dengue-fever. This paper employs survival curves to describe the time in days from larvae to adult forms of Aedes aegypti raised, individually and collectively, and compares it during winter and spring when positioned inside and outside a laboratory. The study was conducted in São Vicente, a coastal city in Southeastern Brazil. The lowest water temperature in winter and in spring was 20 °C and the highest was 26 °C in spring. Higher and more stable temperatures were measured in the intra compared to the peri in both seasons. Consequently, larvae positioned in the intra resulted in the lowest median time to develop in the individual and collective experiment (nine and ten days, respectively). At least 25% of the larvae positioned in the intra in the individual experiment in the spring took only seven days to reach adulthood. Sex ratios and the median time development by sex did not show significant differences. These results indicate that efforts to control Aedes aegypti must be continuous and directed mainly to prevent the intra-domiciliary sites that can be infested in a week in order to reduce the human-vector contact.
RESUMOIntrodução: Em região de alta incidência de dengue, no litoral do Estado de São Paulo, selecionaram-se 9 áreas, com objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de formas imaturas de Aedes aegypti. Métodos: As 9 áreas foram agrupadas em 4 estratos, diferenciados pelo uso e ocupação do solo. Foram coletadas larvas e pupas numa amostra de cerca de 500 imóveis em cada área. Resultados: Apesar do pneu e lona apresentarem as maiores taxas de positividade para Aedes aegypti, o ralo, juntamente com outros recipientes fixos nas edificações foram altamente predominantes entre os recipientes positivos (32 a 76% dos recipientes positivos). As áreas coletivas de prédios e os imóveis não residenciais de grande porte apresentaram as maiores taxas de positividade para Aedes aegypti enquanto os apartamentos, as menores. Os níveis de infestação foram maiores na área residencial com predominância de prédios de apartamentos, onde 76% dos criadouros detectados foram recipientes fixos nas edificações. Conclusões: Esses conhecimentos são importantes subsídios para a estratégia de controle, pois reforçam a necessidade de atenção especial para determinados tipos de imóveis, bem como da adequação da norma técnica de ralo de água pluvial e da melhoria de manutenção das edificações. Além disso, são necessárias observações sistemáticas que permitam acompanhar a dinâmica de ocupação de diferentes imóveis e recipientes por Aedes aegypti e a incorporação desses conhecimentos nas ações de controle do vetor na região. Palavras-chaves: Aedes aegypti. Controle de vetores. Criadouros. Tipo de imóvel. Dengue. ABSTRACT Introduction:In a region of high dengue incidence, on the coast of the State of São Paulo, 9 areas were selected to evaluate the behavior of immature Aedes aegypti. Methods: The 9 areas were grouped into 4 strata according to soil use and occupation. Larvae and pupas were collected in a sample of approximately 500 buildings in each area. Results: Although tires and canvas presented the highest positive rates for Aedes aegypti, drains and other containers fixed to the buildings were highly predominant among positive containers; 32 to 76% of the positive containers in the 4 study strata. Public areas of apartment buildings and large nonresidential premises presented the highest positive rates for Aedes Aegypti, while apartments presented the lowest. Infestation levels were greater in residential areas with predominance of apartment buildings, where 76% of the breeding sites detected were containers fixed to the buildings. Conclusions: This knowledge is an important tool in the control strategy, since it reinforces the need for special attention regarding certain types of buildings and the adjustment of technical norms for pluvial water drains and improvement of building maintenance. Moreover, systematic observations are required to follow-up the occupancy dynamic of different buildings and containers by Aedes aegypti and the incorporation of this knowledge in the control of vectors in the region.
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