Body dissatisfaction implies appreciatory body judgments that are different from real characteristics of individuals' body. One of the most important method to control weight and body shape is to be involved in eating risk behaviours, which includes a great amount of negative and damaging behaviours for the individual. Both factors (body dissatisfaction and eating risk behaviours) constitute key elements in the beginning and development of Eating Disorders (ED). The aim of the present study was to analyse differences in some psychological variables attending to body dissatisfaction and eating risk behaviours informed by a sample of university adults. Using Garner's Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) results point out a higher risk of ED (drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and bulimia) in those individuals with body dissatisfaction, and also higher scores of low self-esteem, personal alienation, interpersonal insecurity, interoceptive deficits, emotional dysregulation, asceticism and maturity fears. Attending to eating risk behaviours, individuals who informed more risk behaviours showed more risk of ED, low self-esteem, interoceptive deficits, emotional dysregulation, perfectionism and asceticism.
There is a close link between moral education and sports activities. A well-organized sport can be an excellent means of transferring positive values to children and adolescents, which can influence motivation and group processes. This study aimed to analyse (a) the relationships between social, personal and individualistic values, motivational orientation and team cohesion amongst young soccer players and (b) compare differences in these variables between players competing in different age categories. Our participant sample comprised 401 male soccer players of Spanish teams (mean age = 14.64 years) competing in official competitive leagues, of five age categories, Under-10 years to Under-19. All participants responded to three instruments: the Values Scale for Positive Adolescent Development, the Perception of Success Questionnaire and the Group Environment Questionnaire. Correlation and regression, and analysis of differences between categories were performed. The results confirm that personal values are mainly related to task orientation, and individualistic values to ego orientation. The values of responsibility, integrity and honesty were the best predictors of task orientation, and social recognition and hedonism predict ego orientation. Honesty and responsibility were the main predictors of both task and social cohesion. Younger players showed a higher level of social values, task orientation and social cohesion, while older players show higher individualistic values and ego orientation. Implications for research or practice are discussed.
RESUMEN:El objetivo del trabajo fue aplicar la técnica de desensibilización sistemática a una atleta de velocidad de 19 años (N = 1) que presentaba altos niveles de ansiedad competitiva. Se realizó una evaluación pre y post-intervención, mediante cuestionarios para valorar la ansiedad (SCAT) y sus características psicológicas relacionadas con en el deporte (IPED), así como mediante entrevista para valorar su vivencia del estrés y la ansiedad, y sus estrategias de afrontamiento. La desensibilización sistemática fue aplicada en nueve sesiones, pasando por cuatro fases: 1) entrenamiento en relajación, 2) construcción de la jerarquía de estímulos, 3) práctica en imaginación, y 4) entrenamiento en desensibilización sistemática. Los resultados indican una reducción de la ansiedad y un aumento de los recursos para hacer frente a la competición tras la intervención. Se concluye que la desensibilización sistemática es una técnica útil y eficaz para su empleo en el deporte.
Título: Diferencias de personalidad y en variables psicológicas relacionadas con el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Resumen: Determinadas variables psicológicas y la personalidad son consideradas como factores predisponentes o influyentes para el posterior desarrollo de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, así como también la puesta en práctica de determinados comportamientos de riesgo, como los atracones, vómitos o la práctica de ejercicio físico excesivo para la pérdida de peso. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las diferencias en personalidad y variables psicológicas relevantes relacionadas con los TCA, en mujeres y hombres, a partir del cumplimiento de criterios específicos a partir de los cuales se recomienda la derivación a un especialista en patologías alimentarias. En el estudio participaron 604 estudiantes universitarios, y se emplearon el Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (EDI-3) y su cuestionario de remisión (EDI-3 RF), y el Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Los resultados mostraron que hasta el 58.5% de mujeres y 49.5% de hombres cumplen criterios de remisión. Tanto en mujeres como en hombres, existen diferencias entre los grupos con criterios y quienes no los presentan, principalmente en neuroticismo, obsesión por la delgadez, bulimia, insatisfacción corporal y ascetismo. Las puntuaciones en el factor neuroticismo y en la gran mayoría de escalas psicológicas son también superiores en los sujetos que cumplen con mayor número de criterios. Palabras clave: Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria; Personalidad; Insatisfacción corporal; Conductas de riesgo.Abstract: Certain psychological variables and personality are considered as predisposing or influential factors for the subsequent development of eating disorders. Also the implementation of some risk behaviors, such as binge eating, vomiting or excessive physical exercise for weight loss. The aim of the study was to compare the differences in personality and relevant psychological variables related to eating disorders, in women and men, based on compliance with specific criteria to help identify individuals with potential eating disorders. Participants were 604 university students. The Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and Referral Form (EDI-3 RF), and the Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) were used. The results showed that up to 58.5% of women and 49.5% of men met remission criteria. In both women and men, there are differences between groups with criteria and those who do not, mainly in neuroticism, drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction and asceticism. The scores in neuroticism factor and in the great majority of psychological scales are also higher in students that accomplish the highest number of criteria.
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