The paper analyses the indoor environment in two modern intelligent buildings located in Poland. Measurements of air and globe temperatures, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in 117 rooms carried out in the space of 1.5 years were presented. Thermal comfort of the occupants has been investigated using a questionnaire survey. Based on 1369 questionnaires, thermal sensation, acceptability and preference votes were analysed in view of their interdependency as well as their dependency on operative temperature, which proved to be very strong. It has been found that the respondents did not completely rate thermal comfort and indoor environment quality as very high, although the overwhelming sensations were positive. Apart from the operation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, this might have also been the cause of individual human factors, such as body mass index, as tested in the study, or the finding that people were generally in favour of a warmer environment. Moreover, thermal environment proved to be the most important element for ensuring the well-being of the occupants.
Abstract. The paper presents the thermal resistance characteristics of walls with multilayer reflective insulation. The tests have been performed using a heat flow meter to determine the resistivity of the layers simulating partition walls in buildings. A modification of the structure has also been proposed and analysed with a view to increase the thermal resistance and, consequently, reduce the heat flux transferred through the walls. Consequently, walls produced with layers that ensure higher thermal insulation lead to better thermal performance properties of the whole buildings, which reduce heating/cooling costs throughout the year.
Abstract. The paper analyses thermal comfort in an intelligent building. Intelligent buildings are now widely seen both in Poland and abroad as a result of developments in engineering sciences. However, data on the thermal comfort provided in the buildings are limited. The research described in this paper was carried out in ENERGIS intelligent building of the Kielce University of Technology. The parameters measured included air temperature, relative air humidity, air flow rate and carbon dioxide concentration. Average radiation temperature was determined. The key element was the study of thermal sensation in occupants present at the time of the measurements. The studies were performed in classrooms during the class. The students completed a questionnaire at the beginning and end of the class. The persons present in the classrooms evaluated their thermal sensations using a seven-level thermal comfort scale. The questionnaire included such questions as the type of clothing and the degree of physical activity of the people sitting in the classroom. On the basis of the measurements of classroom microclimate parameters, PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied) indices were determined. The responses from the questionnaires provided actual average assessment of thermal sensation and actual percentage of dissatisfied people.
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