Background and Purpose-Hypothermia has been shown to be neuroprotective in a variety of clinical settings.Unfortunately, poor delivery techniques and insufficient data in appropriate preclinical models have hampered its development in human stroke. To address these limitations, we have devised a 10F intravascular catheter capable of rapid systemic cooling of nonhuman primates. Methods-Placed in the inferior vena cava via a transfemoral approach, the catheter was used to induce mild systemic hypothermia 3 hours after the onset of hemispheric stroke in baboons. Results-Cooling was achieved at a rate of 6.3Ϯ0.8°C/h. Target brain temperatures (32.2Ϯ0.2°C) were reached at the same time (47.7Ϯ6.32 minutes) as target esophageal temperatures (32.0Ϯ0.0°C). Hypothermia was maintained for 6 hours in all animals. Animals did not experience the infections, coagulopathy, or cerebral edema commonly seen with surface cooling methods in human stroke. Conclusions-These data suggest that a brief episode of mild core hypothermia instituted at a clinically relevant time point can be achieved in primate stroke and that our intravascular cooling technique provides safe, rapid, and reproducible hypothermia. (Stroke.
). Palavras-Chave► medula ► elementos finitos ► biomecânica ► parafuso pedicular ResumoA mesma relação de correspondência que existe entre mecânica geral e construção civil ocorre entre biomecânica e implantes cirúrgicos. Atualmente, existem inúmeros processos mecânicos que são necessários até que uma prótese seja oferecida ao público-alvo. Estes processos, normalmente, exigem a presença de vértebras humanas, ou mesmo de animais, e têm toda a complexidade que envolve o uso desses tecidos, como comissão de ética, disponibilidade de material etc. Desta forma, os modelos de elementos finitos (MEF) passaram a ser uma ótima opção, como meio de realizar testes biomecânicos e obter independência de peças anatômicas e ao mesmo tempo obter dados matemáticos que auxiliarão no entendimento geral físico. Esta revisão discute os princípios mecânicos que envolvem a bioengenharia; ademais, clarifica os passos para o desenvolvimento dos MEF e finaliza mostrando cenários de aplicação destes modelos. Ao conhecimento dos autores, este artigo é o primeiro estudo de revisão em português, voltado para profissionais da saúde, com uma linguagem acessível para o meio médico. AbstractThe same correspondence exists between mechanics in general to construction and biomechanics to surgical implants. Currently, there are numerous mechanical processes that are needed until a prosthesis is offered to the target patients. These processes typically require the presence of human vertebrae or even animals, and all the complexity that involves these tissues, for example, the ethics committee, availability of materials, etc. Thus, the Finite Element Models (FEM) have become a great option as a device to carry out biomechanical tests and obtain independence of anatomical specimens, and at the same time, obtain mathematical data that will assist in the physical general understanding. This review discusses the mechanical principles involved in bioengineering, moreover, clarifies the steps for the development of the FEM and ends showing application scenarios of these models. To the authors' knowledge, this article is the first review study in Portuguese aimed to health professionals with an accessible language for this medium.
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