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The world population is estimated to reach close to 10 billion inhabitants by 2050, thus increasing the global demand for energy, drinking water and food (ONU, 2019). Given this scenario and the decline of natural fish stocks, aquaculture has been the subject of rapid development. Aquaculture has grown faster than other major food production sectors as it contributes to the supply of animal protein of high biological value for human consumption, job creation and income, thereby boosting the economic development of several countries (FAO, 2018).However, aquaculture activities around the world have suffered from outbreaks of parasitic diseases, which cause losses in production and affect profitability and sustainability (Assefa & Abunna, 2018).Losses in aquaculture caused by parasitic diseases are estimated at US $ 1.05-9.58 billion/years (Shinn et al., 2015). Losses from parasitic diseases are also attributed to stressful handling conditions, high stocking densities and inadequate water quality during the cultivation.Parasitic diseases in fish farming include those caused by monogeneans, which are ectoparasites with simple and direct life cycle.These ectoparasites can cause significant losses in farmed fish for

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This study investigated for the first time the anthelmintic efficacy of therapeutic baths with Copaifera reticulata oleoresin and nanoemulsion with this oleoresin against monogeneans of Colossoma macropomum, as well as the haematological and histological effects in this fish. In the therapeutic baths of three consecutives were used 100 mg/L of C. reticulata oleoresin or 250 mg/L of nanoemulsion containing C. reticulata oleoresin. Therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of C. reticulata oleoresin had anthelmintic an efficacy of 48.5% against monogeneans (Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri), while baths with nanoemulsion of C. reticulata oleoresin had not anthelmintic efficacy, which was discussed. Baths for 1 h with 100 mg/L of C. reticulata oleoresin or 2 h with 250 mg/L of C. reticulata nanoemulsion increased levels of plasma total protein and glucose, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and neutrophils number in C. macropomum and decreased in the number of total leucocytes and lymphocytes. In the gills of fish exposed and controls occurred detachment of the epithelium, hyperplasia and hypertrophy, resulting in moderate fusion of the secondary lamellae. Therefore, therapeutic baths with C. reticulata oleoresin and nanoemulsion of C. reticulata oleoresin have a low toxicity to C. macropomum, as there were few changes to the blood parameters.