ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02479581.

Background: The effect of SedLine electroencephalography (EEG)-guided anesthetic care on postoperative delirium (POD) has not been studied.Methods: This single-center randomized EEG Monitoring tO Decrease the Incidence of Post-Operative Delirium (eMODI-POD) trial involved 1560 patients aged 50 years or above undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Propofol-remifentanil anesthesia was guided either by SedLine (EEG-guided care, n = 779) or not (usual care, n = 781). The goal of EEG-guided care was to maintain spectral edge frequency between 10 and 15 and patient state index (PSI) between 25 and 50. The primary outcome was the incidence of POD on postoperative days 1 to 5. The secondary outcomes included emergence delirium, composite moderate-to-severe complications, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission, 30-day hospital readmission and allcause mortality, and intraoperative awareness.Results: Of the 1560 randomized patients, 1545 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The median propofol administered for anesthesia maintenance was 900 mg and 1000 mg in the EEG-guided and usual care groups, respectively (P = 0.21). POD occurred in 1.0% (8/771) and 1.2% (9/774) of patients in the EEG-guided and usual care groups, respectively (risk ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.35-2.30). There were no between-group differences in all secondary outcome measures. Emergence delirium occurred in 11.8% (91/771) and 13.2% (102/774) of the EEG-guided care and usual care groups, respectively (risk ratio: 0.90; 95% confidence interval: 0.69-1.17; P = 0.41). Three patients from each group reported intraoperative awareness.Conclusions: Compared with usual care, SedLine spectral edge frequency-guided and patient state index-guided propofol-remifentanil anesthetic care neither alters anesthetic delivery nor decreases the unexpected low incidence of POD in relatively young Chinese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

No abstract

Worsening right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in the presence of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) increases morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a non-invasive modality to evaluate RV function over time. Using a monocrotaline-induced PAH rat model, we evaluated the effect of acute inflammation on RV function. In this study, both PAH and control rats were injected with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an acute inflammatory state. We evaluated survival curves, TTE parameters, and inflammatory markers to better understand the mechanism and impact of acute inflammation on RV function in the presence of PAH. The survival curve of the PAH rats dropped sharply within 9 h after LPS treatment. Several echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular (LV) stroke volume, RV tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RV longitudinal peak systolic strain, and strain rate decreased significantly in PAH rats before LPS injection and 2 h after LPS injection. The expression of phospholamban (PLB) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) significantly increased and the expression of SERCA2a significantly decreased in PAH rats after LPS administration. LPS suppressed the RV longitudinal peak systolic strain and strain rate and cardiac function deteriorated in PAH rats. These effects may be associated with the signal pathway activity of SERCA2a/PLB.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the trends in disease burden and the epidemiological features of central nervous system (CNS) cancer in China from 1990 to 2019.DesignA population-based observational study.SettingThe incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to CNS cancer in China, stratified by sex, age and provincial region, were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.ParticipantsData were publicly available and individuals were not involved.ResultsIn 2019, the incident cases of CNS cancer in China were 347 992 (95% UI 262 084–388 896), and the age-standardised rate (ASR) of incidence was 5.69 (95% UI 4.36–6.78) per 100 000 person-years increased by 27.9% compared with that in 1990; meanwhile, CNS cancer caused 63 527 (95% UI 47 793–76 948) deaths in China in 2019, and the ASR of death was 3.5 (95% UI 2.62–4.21) per 100 000 person-years decreased by 9.6%. The ASRs of incidence and prevalence of CNS cancer in China increased more rapidly than the global average; meanwhile, the ASRs of DALYs owing to CNS cancer declined more rapidly. The burden of CNS cancer showed no significant differences between men and women, but was more pronounced in early childhood and old adulthood. The ASRs of incidence and prevalence were higher in high-income provinces, confirmed by the positive correlation with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), with correlation coefficient r of 0.322 and 0.767, respectively (both p<0.0001). However, the ASRs of death and DALYs demonstrated a negative correlation with SDI, with r of -‍0.319 and −0.642, respectively (both p<0.0001).ConclusionsFrom a global perspective, China has been bearing a substantial burden of CNS cancer. More attention should be paid to children and elderly populations for CNS cancer. The disease burden varied significantly at the subnational level of China, which was associated with socioeconomic development.