The Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT) is a Fourier-synthesis imager; a set of spatially-modulated photon count data are taken from 64 independent subeollimators and are Fourier-transformed into an image by using procedures such as the maximum entropy method (MEM) or CLEAN. The HXT takes images of solar flares simultaneously in four energy bands, nominally 15 (or 19)-24, 24-35, 35-57, and 57-100 keV, with an ultimate angular resolution as fine as ~ 5 arc sec and a time resolution 0.5 s. Each subcollimator has a field of view wider than the solar disk. The total effective area of the collimator/detector system reaches ~ 70 cm 2, about one order of magnitude larger than that of the HINOTORI hard X-ray imager. Thanks to these improvements, HXT will for the first time enable us to take images of flares at photon energies above ~ 30 keV. These higher-energy images will be compared with lower-energy ones, giving clues to the understanding of nonthermal processes in solar flares, i.e., the acceleration and confinement of energetic electrons. It is of particular importance to specify the acceleration site with regard to the magnetic field figuration in a flaring region, which will be achieved by collaborative observations between HXT and the Soft X-ray Telescope on board the same mission.
Total TIMP-1 concentration in whole saliva of periodontally diseased subjects, 137 +/- 67 ng/ml (mean +/- SD), was clearly lower (p < 0.001) than that of clinically healthy subjects, 273 +/- 145, and that of edentulous subjects, 332 +/- 121. On the contrary, both active [1.58 +/- 0.35 units/ml (mean +/- SD)] and total (2.08 +/- 0.25) collagenase activities in TIMP-1-free whole saliva of diseased subjects were significantly higher than the activities (0.14 +/- 0.14 and 0.50 +/- 0.27, respectively) in TIMP-1-free whole saliva of healthy subjects. Most of the total collagenase in whole saliva of healthy subjects consisted of procollagenase, while mainly active collagenase was present in whole saliva from patients with periodontal diseases. Significant reciprocal changes of TIMP-1 and collagenase levels, that is, increase in TIMP-1 concentration and decrease in collagenase activity, were observed after the initial therapy of periodontitis patients.
The flare catalogue of the Yohkoh mission is compiled and linked to this article as an electronic supplement. For showing flare characteristics over wide energy range concisely, we provide the images of Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT) and the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT), and the spectra of Hard X-ray Spectrometer (HXS) and Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) with the Wide Band Spectrometer (WBS) time profiles. The energy versus pulse height (PH) data channels in HXS and GRS are re-calibrated by using the data of the whole mission period. Secular gain changes are recognized 352 J. SATO ET AL. in HXS, and the characteristics of power-law flare spectra simultaneously observed by HXT and HXS confirms the trend. The GRS gains are different for the flare observations during the previous maximum and for the current maximum. The total of 33 γ -ray events are observed, and for 12 of them γ -ray flare spectra are obtained.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.