Neutrinoless double beta decay is a process that violates lepton number conservation. It is predicted to occur in extensions of the standard model of particle physics. This Letter reports the results from phase I of the Germanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment at the Gran Sasso Laboratory (Italy) searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of the isotope (76)Ge. Data considered in the present analysis have been collected between November 2011 and May 2013 with a total exposure of 21.6 kg yr. A blind analysis is performed. The background index is about 1 × 10(-2) counts/(keV kg yr) after pulse shape discrimination. No signal is observed and a lower limit is derived for the half-life of neutrinoless double beta decay of (76)Ge, T(1/2)(0ν) >2.1 × 10(25) yr (90% C.L.). The combination with the results from the previous experiments with (76)Ge yields T(1/2)(0ν)>3.0 × 10(25) yr (90% C.L.).

The GERDA collaboration is performing a search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 76 Ge with the eponymous detector. The experiment has been installed and commissioned at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and has started operation in November 2011. The design, construction and first operational results are described, along with detailed information from the R&D phase.

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The GERDA experiment located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN searches for neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay of 76 Ge using germanium diodes as source and detector. In Phase I of the experiment eight semi-coaxial and five BEGe type detectors have been deployed. The latter type is used in this field of research for the first time. All detectors are made from material with enriched 76 Ge fraction. The experimental sensitivity can be improved by analyzing the pulse shape of the detector signals with the aim to reject background events. This Page 2 of 17 Eur. Phys. J. C (2013) 73:2583 paper documents the algorithms developed before the data of Phase I were unblinded. The double escape peak (DEP) and Compton edge events of 2.615 MeV γ rays from 208 Tl decays as well as two-neutrino double beta (2νββ) decays of 76 Ge are used as proxies for 0νββ decay.For BEGe detectors the chosen selection is based on a single pulse shape parameter. It accepts 0.92 ± 0.02 of signal-like events while about 80 % of the background events at Q ββ = 2039 keV are rejected.For semi-coaxial detectors three analyses are developed. The one based on an artificial neural network is used for the search of 0νββ decay. It retains 90 % of DEP events and rejects about half of the events around Q ββ . The 2νββ events have an efficiency of 0.85±0.02 and the one for 0νββ decays is estimated to be 0.90 +0.05 −0.09 . A second analysis uses a likelihood approach trained on Compton edge events. The third approach uses two pulse shape parameters. The latter two methods confirm the classification of the neural network since about 90 % of the data events rejected by the neural network are also removed by both of them. In general, the selection efficiency extracted from DEP events agrees well with those determined from Compton edge events or from 2νββ decays.

We propose a phenomenological three-level mixing model of unperturbed 0p0h, 2p2h and 4p4h states, to describe the low-lying 0 + states in 32 Mg. Within this approach, self-consistent solutions exist that provides good agreement with the available experimental information obtained from the 30 Mg(t,p) 32 Mg reaction. The inclusion of the third state, namely the 4p4h configuration, resolves the "puzzle" that results from a two-level model interpretation of the same data. In our analysis, the 32 Mg ground state emerges naturally as dominated by intruder (2p2h and 4p4h) configurations, at the 95% level.

A search for neutrinoless ββ decay processes accompanied with Majoron emission has been performed a e-mail: gerda-eb@mpi-hd.mpg.de using data collected during Phase I of the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN (Italy). Processes with 123 416 Page 2 of 12 Eur. Phys. J. C (2015) 75 :416 spectral indices n = 1, 2, 3, 7 were searched for. No signals were found and lower limits of the order of 10 23 yr on their half-lives were derived, yielding substantially improved results compared to previous experiments with 76 Ge. A new result for the half-life of the neutrino-accompanied ββ decay of 76 Ge with significantly reduced uncertainties is also given, resulting in T 2ν 1/2 = (1.926 ± 0.094) × 10 21 yr.

The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) searches

One of the most exotic light neutron-rich nuclei currently accessible for experimental study is 40 Mg, which lies at the intersection of the nucleon magic number N =28 and the neutron drip-line. Low-lying excited states of 40 Mg have been studied for the first time following a one-proton removal reaction from 41 Al, performed at RIBF RIKEN with the DALI2 γ-ray array and the Zero-Degree spectrometer. Two γ-ray transitions were observed, suggesting an excitation spectrum which shows unexpected properties compared to both the systematics along the Z=12, N ≥20 Mg isotopes and available state-of-the-art theoretical model predictions. A possible explanation for the observed structure involves weak-binding effects in the low-lying excitation spectrum.