We describe a new method of determining path-integrated tissue density using a modified interferometric scattering experiment. The method is based on the ability ofthe photons, passing through the sample without scattering (or absorption) to preserve their coherence (polarization and phase). We present the theory that predicts the feasibility of this method. The highest va'ue offringe incidance contains the information about the sample transmission.
We examine the propagation of the Yarnell Hill Fire in Arizona, June 28 --July 3, 2013 to assess the nature of its complexity. We identify the critical fire growth that starts about 35 hours after the fire initiation. In a time span of three hours, the fire area is doubled. Within the following four hours, the direction of fire turns by about 180 degrees. An hour later, a pyrocumulonimbus cloud is observed above the fire area. To monitor complex fires, we propose implementation of an IR instrument to scrutinize fire remotely for behaviors, such as vortices and rotation, arising from combustion events, terrain characteristics, and outside influences. We propose a small reconnaissance plane circling to the side and above the fire area to search for anomalies in fire propagation and atmosphere during the fire consolidation during the initial 45 hours. Ideally, the observing instrument would be sensitive in IR region at about 4.5 microns where carbon oxide emits and water transmits the radiation.
We propose a novel model for the fire evolution, applicable to its spread in mountains, with low-height fuel. Fire propagates along contours of equal elevation on steep terrains. The wind outside the mountain does not conserve on the inside slopes at fuel height. The local wind depends on micro-climatic environment, influenced additionally by the fire itself.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.