Based on the methodology of documentary review of scientific sources, materials of public organizations, law enforcement and judicial practice of investigating cases of voter bribery, the most widespread technologies of electoral corruption in Ukraine and other countries were revealed and investigated in the article. Peculiarities of direct and indirect voter bribery have been discovered. The most widespread forms (technologies) of election-related bribery have been identified: "carousel", "bargaining", "conditioning", "bus", "dumping", "election network technology". It has been established that the most insecure technology that poses a serious threat to the smooth conduct of elections is the creation of "election networks", which can significantly influence and undermine the credibility of the will of citizens. It is concluded that the characteristics of such a criminal network are: massive character involving a wide range of participants with different roles; significant territorial distribution; realization of criminal intent through clearly planned step-by-step activities within a temporary criminal group. Based on the results of the research, it has been established that in Ukraine the "carousel" technology has been widely used.
The article, based on the study of expert practice and scientific sources, defines a list and examines certain features of conducting forensic examinations, which are assigned to determine the extent of damage and losses from damage and destruction of residential and non-residential buildings and infrastructure as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. It has been established that most often for this purpose, construction and technical, evaluation and construction, road and technical, commodity expert examinations are appointed. It is determined which issues are resolved during the conduct of these studies, as well as the list of materials that must be provided to the expert for their conduct. The conclusion that conducting comprehensive examinations increases the evidentiary value of such studies is substantiated, which is due to the need to establish, in addition to the amount of material damage, a cause-and-effect relationship between the damage (destruction) of the investigated objects and the military actions of the aggressor country. Thus, it is expedient to conduct a construction and technical examination in a complex with an explosives examination to determine the type of ammunition used to destroy a real estate object. Emphasis is placed on the specifics of carrying out certain examinations, which are determined by the needs and conditions of wartime. It was established that, in addition to the above, to determine the amount of damage and losses from damage and destruction of residential and non-residential buildings and infrastructure, engineering-ecological, economic and video examination may also be prescribed.
The article, based on the analysis of current criminal procedural legislation, scientific sources, as well as the practice of conducting investigations in criminal proceedings, singles out the main problematic aspects of this investigative action and suggests ways of their possible solution. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the legal regulation of education within the limits of Art. 241 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in certain provisions needs improvement due to insufficiently clear and unambiguous wording of some positions, which causes certain complications in their implementation in practice. Attention was drawn to the narrowed formulation of the purpose of study in Part 1 of Art. 241 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which may lead to the recognition of the evidence obtained as a result of this investigative action as inadmissible, because in addition to the goal of finding traces fixed in the norm, investigators in practice carry out their fixation and extraction. The prosecutor's exclusive authority to make a decision on conducting an investigation is recognized as a drawback, since this procedural mechanism from the point of view of practical implementation causes a significant loss of time, and in practice, an investigation often requires an urgent and urgent implementation. The problematic aspects of investigation related to conduct of this investigative action with the use of coercion against person under investigation, the implementation mechanism of which in some parts does not ensure compliance with procedural guarantees of individual rights, have been studied. In part of study of the proposal of some scientists regarding the possibility of establishing during the examination the presence of a person in a state of alcohol intoxication, it was determined that the establishment of the state of a person's body (in particular, intoxication, narcotic excitement, etc.) requires the use of special knowledge and should be decided by conducting a forensic examination examination, and not during examination. Emphasis is placed on the problems of the procedural design of the examination conducted by other subjects (expert, doctor), in cases when investigator cannot be present during the investigation. Based on the proposals made by scientists, ways of solving the above-mentioned problems are summarized.
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