Several chemotherapy schedules achieved similar remission rates and OS. Four courses of chemotherapy are adequate, but the addition of transplantation as a final course does not improve OS. New agents are required to enhance conventional chemotherapy.

Key Points• In a first randomized comparison of daunorubicin dose in induction (90 mg/m 2 vs 60 mg/m 2 ) for AML, no evidence of overall benefit was seen with the 90 mg/m 2 dose.• There was no disease subgroup in which benefit could be shown. In an exploratory subgroup analysis, there was no subgroup that showed significant benefit, although there was a significant interaction by FLT3 ITD mutation. This trial is registered at http://www.isrctn.com as #ISRCTN55675535. (Blood. 2015;125(25):3878-3885)