Los escarabajos de la subfamilia Scarabaeinae son considerados importantes para estudios de diversidad biológica y conservación de ecosistemas. Realizan una variedad de funciones y son sensibles a las perturbaciones ambientales. Chiapas es una de las regiones con mayor número de registros de Scarabaeinae en México, pero aún existen extensas zonas con poco conocimiento sobre este grupo de insectos, incluyendo algunas áreas naturales protegidas, como es el caso de la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva El Ocote. Se analizaron los ensambles de escarabajos copronecrófagos, producto de cinco muestreos sistemáticos realizados durante 2011 y 2012, en tres hábitats representativos de la reserva. Las recolecciones se realizaron mediante trampas de caída utilizando calamar, estiércol de cerdo y estiércol vacuno como atrayentes. Se recolectaron 5421 escarabajos de seis tribus, 12 géneros y 37 especies. La cobertura del muestreo fue cercana al 100 % y las evaluaciones indican que la Selva tuvo la riqueza más cercana a la estimada mientras que el cultivo de café es el hábitat con mayor posibilidad de adicionar especies al inventario. Los valores de diversidad beta sugieren que las faunas de los tres hábitats forman parte de una sola comunidad de escarabajos, pero la composición de los gremios tróficos es diferente en todos ellos. La fauna obtenida constituye el 31,1 % de las especies registradas en Chiapas. Este trabajo representa el primer estudio mediante muestreos sistemáticos en la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva El Ocote.
The Cañón del Sumidero National Park (PNCS) is a priority area for conservation, but there are few studies on its fauna, which evidences the need for further basic studies to produce adequate knowledge on its biodiversity. This study aimed to determine dung beetle assemblages temporal distribution, trophic preference, and daily activity patterns. We conducted samplings using baited pitfall traps in a PNCS tropical sub deciduous forest remnant, during the dry and rainy seasons between 2014 and 2015. We captured a total of 863 individuals of 20 species, 12 genera, and five tribes of Scarabaeinae. Estimators suggest that we obtained high faunistic representation (> 80%), but species richness is low compared to other regional studies. The community was characterized by a high number of rare species and few dominant species. We captured the greatest richness and abundance during rainy months, however, species composition between seasons did not differ significantly. Trophic preference was mainly generalist and we considered only four species as specialists to tapir dung. We observed a clear segregation between activity hours. Nevertheless, we determined only nine species as specialists (six nocturnal and three diurnal) and two others had generalist habits. The low diversity we found could be influenced by the constant pressure of the urban area and non-native species within the park, which alter the dung beetle assemblages. However, performing samplings for longer periods and using a wider range of resources would help us obtain more robust results and better understand species distribution patterns.
El Centro Ecológico y Recreativo El Zapotal (CEREZ) se caracteriza por presentar uno de los últimos remanentes de selva mediana en la región central de Chiapas, México. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de algunos grupos taxonómicos de la reserva no es del todo adecuado. En este trabajo se analiza la composición y estructura, así como la distribución temporal de los escarabajos coprófagos que habitan en el CEREZ. Se realizaron muestreos mensuales entre febrero de 2013 y enero de 2014 utilizando trampas de caída cebadas con estiércol de seis especies de mamíferos que se mantienen en cautiverio al interior del Zoológico Miguel Álvarez del Toro (ZooMAT). Se presenta una lista anotada de 22 especies agrupadas en 12 géneros y seis tribus de Scarabaeinae. Onthophagus anthracinus, Canthon femoralis, Onthophagus landolti y Copris laeviceps aportan el 89.7% de la abundancia total. La curva de rarefacción muestra una tendencia asintótica, con un 92% de completitud. La fauna capturada muestra una marcada distribución temporal (p < 0.01), observando los valores más altos de riqueza y abundancia durante los meses de la temporada lluviosa. Los registros representan el 7.53% de la diversidad conocida en México y el 18.2% de las especies reportadas en el estado de Chiapas. A pesar de representar un pequeño remanente de selva tropical y de la constante presión antrópica generada por la zona urbana, El Zapotal conserva una fauna de escarabajos coprófagos representativa a nivel regional, resaltando la importancia de la reserva como refugio de especies.
Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) are consider adequate tools for biodiversity conservation. Currently in Mexico there are 182 federal NPAs classified according to their management objectives. Chiapas is the Mexican state with the highest number of decreed NPAs and also allocates one of the largest territorial extensions for its protection. Unlike other taxa, and despite their proven ability to respond to ecosystem changes, the study of dung beetles within Mexican NPAs has been underestimated, as they are not considered as a priority group within their management and conservation programs. Based on the review of information available in publications and database on dung beetles, a list of 112 species and seven subspecies recorded in 16 of the 19 federal NPAs established in Chiapas is presented. The species recorded by each NPA show a significant correlation with the number of publications, but a low percentage of them correspond to studies with systematic samplings and most of the species reported in several of the NPAs come from sporadic records, which prevents the study of several basic and applied aspects of dung beetles in the region. Therefore, studies that extensively analyze the communities of arthropod groups, such as the Scarabaeinae, are necessary to understand their response to changes in the ecosystem at local and regional scale. It is advisable that these insects be included in the previous justifying studies for the designation or establishment of NPAs and, in turn, considered in the biological monitoring programs of these areas for their capacity as a bioindicator group.
Mammalian dung represents a primary feeding and reproductive resource for most dung beetle species. Competition for the trophic resource is common among the subfamily Scarabaeinae showing different habits depending on the quantity and quality of food available. In this study, we evaluated the dung of six species of mammal native to Chiapas (Mexico) as attractants for sampling dung beetles. The six species have different feeding habits (carnivores, herbivores and omnivores) and the feces used were obtained from Zoo animals fed a standard diet. Sampling efficiency was over 99% for each of the attractants. Tapirus bairdii feces attracted the highest abundance, while Canis latrans attracted the highest richness and diversity was higher in Procyon lotor. The captured species showed no affinity for a specific attractant, and differences in richness, abundance, diversity, and species composition between baits were largely non-significant. These results suggest that when food availability is high, Scarabaeinae assemblages maintain very abundant populations with generalists feeding habits. However, other aspects such as the quality and quantity (volume) of the food may be important when choosing a resource. Hence, the use of different types of attractants that meet these characteristics offers the possibility of improving results in the monitoring of dung beetle communities in tropical forests, allowing the capture of those inconspicuous or rare species that inhabit the landscape.
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