A single bout of arm crank exercise promotes pleasurable feelings while reducing blood pressure in patients with symptomatic PAD.
Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise has been used to induce skeletal muscle and aerobic adaptations that are similar to those induced by high intensity training, but with less time and lower intensities. The lower time demand and exercise intensity appear advantageous, especially for older people but there may be risks associated with a potential impairment of vascular function after BFR trainings. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise with BFR on vascular function in the elderly.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of science, Pedro, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library were searched for articles published until January 2019. This review included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials of BFR exercise for ≥ 4 weeks in older humans.Results: In the first step, 133 articles were identified, of which 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies were excluded because of the short training period (< 4 weeks) or the average age of participants (< 60 years). Six articles were included in this review (n = 146 individuals, mean age = 69 years old, 71,46% women and 28,54% men). BFR combined with aerobic exercise (n = 2) enhanced arterial and venous compliance in healthy elders and resistance exercises (n = 4) demonstrated no significant effects on vascular function in healthy elders compared to exercise without BFR. Conclusion:These results suggest that the addition of BFR to exercise does even improve vascular function in healthy elderly people. This is a first indication that superimposing BFR is safe also in sedentary elders. However, future research, especially in sedentary elders, is necessary to assess the safety of this method.
No relationships reported) PURPOSE:The purposes of the present study were to: 1) apply the Dmax method to the amplitude domain of the electromyographic (EMG) signal to estimate the Dmax-EMG; and 2) compare the mean VO2 values at the Dmax-EMG, gas exchange (Dmax-GET), and ventilatory (Dmax-VT) thresholds. METHODS:Ten subjects (4 men and 6 women; mean ± SD age = 21.2 ± 2.9 yrs) performed an incremental cycle ergomter test to exhaustion. Oxygen consumption rate (VO2) and EMG signals from the vastus lateralis were recorded. The EMG amplitude (rms) values were calculated by averaging the last three complete pedal bursts of each power output. The Dmax-GET (VCO2 vs. VO2), Dmax-VT (VE vs. VO2) and Dmax-EMG (EMG amplitude vs. VO2) were determined as the point on the third order polynomial regression that measured the maximal perpendicular distance from the line between the first and last data points. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine mean differences between Dmax-GET, Dmax-VT, and Dmax-EMG. In addition, Pearson product moment correlations were used to determine the relationships among the thresholds. RESULTS:The results of the present study indicated that there were no significant mean differences (p > 0.05) among the VO2 values for the Dmax-EMG (2.21 ± 0.48 L·min -1 ), Dmax-GET (2.34 ± 0.57 L·min -1 ), and Dmax-VT (2.38 ± 0.63 L·min -1 ). Furthermore, significant correlations were found among the Dmax-EMG vs. Dmax-GET (r = 0.86), Dmax-EMG vs. Dmax-VT (r = 0.83), and Dmax-GET vs. Dmax-VT (r = 0.99). CONCLUSION:The non-significant difference among Dmax-EMG, Dmax-GET, and Dmax-VT suggested that the Dmax method can be applied to the amplitude content of the EMG signal. Furthermore, these data suggested that the Dmax-EMG threshold may provide an alternative approach to demarcate the moderate from heavy exercise intensity domains.Adventure race is a sport practiced in direct contact with nature, in which the athlete transposes natural obstacles (rivers, mountains, forests) through different sports (trekking, mountain bike, rowing, vertical techniques, and others). Despite its growth and visibility, there are few studies that examined the acute physiological adaptations during adventure races. PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to record the physiological intensity during adventure sprint race as well as analyze the hematological parameters of the participants before and immediately after the competition. METHODS:The heart rate of seven male athletes (27.7±5.9 years, 63.2±3.68 kg body weight, 170.2±3.47cm in height, 6.91±1.75% body fat and VO2 peak of 60.84±1.81 mLO2.kg-1.min-1) was monitored during an adventure race comprising the types: trekking, mountain bike and vertical techniques (total distance of 42.1 km). Blood samples were collected 24 hours before the race and immediately after arrival. RESULTS:The average length of race was 4h38min52s, with a predominance of the intensity zone above 85% HR reserve. There were a reduction in blood cells, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume, and an increase in le...
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