RESUMOO cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) é um importante recurso genético para o povo da Amazônia, porque produz frutos tradicionalmente utilizados como alimento, medicamento e cosméticos. Por se tratar de um excelente produto para o agronegócio, aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a espécie, será uma contribuição de grande valia para a sociedade da região. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar e avaliar o potencial de diferentes etnovariedades (ETNs) por meio de descritores agronômicos e minerais dos seus frutos. O Experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Hortaliças do INPA, em Manaus, em solo Podzólico vermelho-amarelo, álico, textura arenosa e de baixa fertilidade. Adotou-se um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 28 tratamentos (as ETNs) em quatro repetições. Os seguintes descritores agronômicos e minerais dos frutos foram avaliados: forma dos frutos, número de frutos, comprimento do fruto, largura do fruto, peso médio do fruto, espessura da polpa, potássio, zinco, manganês, sódio, ferro, magnésio e cálcio. As análises de variância detectaram diferenças significativas entre as etnovariedades para todos os caracteres. As 28 ETNs puderam ser classificadas em nove formatos diferentes de frutos. As plantas produziram em média 4 a 89 frutos, variando em peso de 18,5 a 301 g. Entre os micro-elementos analisados a concentração de ferro variou de 97,3 a 352,7 mg em 100g da polpa in natura. Destacou-se em conteúdo deste elemento, a ETN3, originária de Barcelos (AM). Entre os macro-elementos, o potássio (variando entre 54,6 a 563,5 mg em 100g da polpa in natura) apresentou maior concentração nas 28 ETNs avaliadas. A ETN9, originária de Lábrea (AM), foi a que produziu os frutos mais ricos nesse elemento. De maneira geral, as ETNs estudadas apresentam variabilidade genética ampla para ser explorada em programa de melhoramento do cubiu. PALAVRAS-CHAVESolanaceae, recurso genético, fruto, minerais, melhoramento genético. Characterization and evaluation of the agronomic and nutritional potential of ethnovarieties of cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) in Amazonia ABSTRACT Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), is an important genetic resource for the Amazonian people, because its fruit is traditionally usede for food, medicine and cosmetics. As na excellent product for agribusiness, it is important to study the species to contribuite to regional development. The agronomic and nutritional potential of different cubiu ethnovarietes (ETNs
The family farm of the Upper Solimões region has maintained the great genetic variability of the pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) by the in situ conservation of the landraces which are widely used as human food. The aim of this study was to estimate the current level of genetic variability of pumpkin landraces by means of estimation techniques of genetic parameters. Landraces areas samples were the family farming production units located in floodplains ecosystems of Benjamin Constant (Upper Solimões River) and Iranduba (Lower Solimões River), Amazonas. The splitplot designs were adopted at the treatments where the main plots were the five pumpkin landraces and one commercial cultivar. Each landrace was obtained six half sib families distributed in the sub-plots. Among the results of this study, it can be concluded that the genetic variation within the each landrace is greater than the genetic variation among the landraces. The qualitative morphological characteristics bring together half-sib families collected in geographically distant locations. It can be concluded that, through the estimation of genetic parameters, there is genetic variability among local cultivars collected in family farming of Benjamin Constant and Iranduba, Amazonas.
The family farmer's knowledge about floodplains agroecosystems dynamics is part of agrobiodiversity conservation cognitive strategies. This is because the conservation in floodplains is conditioned by the ecophysiological adaptation to the period and flood gradient of the agricultural lands and by the transformations promoted in the environment by the waters pulse. The aim of this study was to understand the cognitive strategies expressed in the organized meaning of agroecosystems by local knowledge, related to the geomorphological dynamics of the Aramaçá Island, Amazonas, Brazil. In this research, the Case Study and Ethnoecology were adopted as approach, taking the systemic complexity paradigm as a theoretical framework. To do so, it was necessary to establish a dialogue with the local knowledge through multitemporal analyses of satellite images, historical series of hydrological data, as well as cartographic documents of the locality. The floodplains amphibian mark, as a living organism in permanent autopoietic process, seems to be imprinted in the family farmer's knowledge. In order to live in the floodplains and of floodplains, it is necessary, above all, to develop a cognitive ability capable of understanding not only the rivers action on the lands, but also that of the lands on the rivers as well. Therefore, the geomorphological dynamics in the spaces managed by the family farmers impose on them, risks and uncertainties, demanding from them strategies that allow knowing and dealing with this complexity.
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