: Aging has been considered a progressive decrease of a living organism homeodynamics , which indicates a reduction of the psycho-biological resilience. This narrative review provides an overview on the available literature related to the holistic approach of integrative medicine, psychoneuroendocrineimmunology (PNEI) and hormesis in aging process. On the basis of pathophysiology of cell senescence and of chronic degenerative diseases, possible preventive/therapeutic pathways have been examined. Chronic low grade cellular inflammation and chronic stress have been shown as the general interlinked factors inducing aging, on the basis of complex biochemical, cell and multi-organ derangements. The main cell degenerative processes which have been related to aging are: altered mitochondria DNA/metabolism, excessive oxidative stress, glycation, alteration of autophagy and proteasome, genome alterations. Literature about longevity-targeting interventions, beyond conventional medicine, describes a spectrum of possible measures to improve psycho-biological resilience, based on PNEI paradigm, on hormesis and upon mitochondria-targeted interventions. Calorie restriction, exercising, fasting, nutraceuticals, sleep regulation, specific breathing, meditation and psychotherapy are discussed, among others.
Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology (PNEI) is the science which studies the interactions between psychological, neural, endocrine and immunological processes. The concept of the PNEI system was developed in the seventies and eighties through the discoveries of the interaction between immune system and molecules with neuroendocrine activity targeting multiple organs; the interdependence between immunological, psychological and neuroendocrine mechanisms has been elucidated through several studies subsequently. PNEI system is a self-regulation network which is involved in the homeostasis of the organisms, in the maintenance of chemical-physical-neuropsychological balance in response to stimuli of various nature. The present review provides an overview of the fundamental scientific literature on PNEI and its interaction with chronic low grade cellular inflammation processes and consequently with longevity. Similarly literature data on the strict link between hormetic processes and PNEI system are discussed, with reference to resilience as a key-factor in the natural/pathologic evolution of aging.
Nutrition is considered a basic component in the management of any vascular disease. Lymphedema is characterised by an increase of interstitial fluid due to a lymphatic system morphological and/or functional alteration. Therapeutic management of lymphedema includes a multi-faceted approach based on compression and physiotherapy mainly. Weight control and antiinflammatory and anti-edema diet are two additional necessary components of the holistic therapy in presence of primary or secondary limb lymphedema. This narrative review provides the available information derived from the scientific literature on nutrition in lymphedema, which anyway lacks robust evidence. Additional information and speculations are provided on the role of food, diet, nutraceuticals and fasting on the basic processes at the root of the chronic progressive degeneration of tissue lymph stasis, i.e. weight excess, inflammation, edema, fibroadiposis. More targeted and randomized studies are needed in order to assess and standardise the obvious, so far neglected, role of nutrition in lymphedema patients.
Figure 1: The Data Bricks Space Mission is a role-playing physicalization activity for kids aged 10-12 years to engage them with the abstract concept of data. The activity's toolkit includes Lego bricks to represent data and build a visualization and the teachers' manual to guide students through the activity.
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