The vast diversity of Orchidaceae together with sophisticated adaptations to pollinators and other unique features make this family an attractive model for evolutionary and functional studies. The sequenced genome of Phalaenopsis equestris facilitates Orchidaceae research. Here we present an RNA-seq based transcriptome map of P. equestris which covers 19 organs of the plant including leaves, roots, floral organs and shoot apical meristem. We demonstrated the high quality of the data and showed the similarity of P. equestris transcriptome map with gene expression atlases of other plants. The transcriptome map can be easily accessed through our database Transcriptome Variation Analysis (TraVA) visualizing gene expression profiles. As an example of the application we analyzed the expression of Phalaenopsis "orphan" genes - the ones that do not have recognizable similarity with genes of other plants. We found that about a half of them are not expressed; the ones that are expressed have a predominant expression pattern in reproductive structures.
Picoalgae (defined as cells smaller than 2-3 µm) include members of diverse taxonomic groups. They are an important constituent of marine plankton and ice biota and play a significant ecological role in biogeochemical cycles. Despite their importance, the true extent of their diversity has only recently been uncovered by molecular surveys. The diversity of picoeukaryotes has not yet been studied in the White Sea, which is a unique marine environment combining features of temperate and Arctic seas. Here, we investigated the taxonomic composition of eukaryotic picoalgae in ice and under-ice water at a station located in the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea. We applied metagenomic survey using Illumina sequencing. Eight main algae phyla, namely, Chlorophyta, Katablepharidophyta, Haptophyta, Dinophyta, Cercozoa, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta, and Ochrophyta were identified. The genera Paraphysomonas and Micromonas and the order Pedinellales were most numerous in plankton; the genera Paraphysomonas, Micromonas, and Metopion were most abundant in ice. The number of "rare" phylotypes was 80 in under-ice water and 112 in ice. Some taxa of nano- and microalgae are identified for the first time in the White Sea phytoplankton. Our data provide a basis for further research of tiny phototrophs in the Russian Arctic.
Dryopteris blanfordii (C.Hope) C.Chr. is a member of the Dryopteridaceae, growing in high altitude Picea or Abies forests (2900-3500 m) in China and India. Phylogenetic relationships between D. blanfordii subsp. nigrosquamosa and closely related species of Dryopteris were investigated using a combined analysis of multiple molecular data sets (the protein-coding region of rbcL and matK genes and intergenic spacers psbA -trnH, trnP-petG, rps4-trnS, trnL-trnF and rbcL-accD
Long-term conservation of plants in vitro means setting up conditions in which plants slow down their growth, which reduces the frequency of subculture needed to keep the material alive. Fall of cultivation temperature is frequently used for preservation of ornamental plants' cultures and of lilac's cultivars as well. For a better understanding of processes in in vitro culture, a comparative transcriptome analysis of vegetative apices of Syringa vulgaris L. during dormancy or in the phase of active growth in vivo and in vitro was carried out. A pairwise comparison of samples showed that a decrease in the temperature of lilac's microshoot cultivation down to +10 °C leads to the formation of a response similar to the response to oxidative stress. The changes in gene expression similar to such stress response persist within active shoots growth in sterile culture after their transfer to standard cultivation conditions (+22 °C).
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