Gong (2019) Codelivery of DOX and siRNA by folate-biotinquaternized starch nanoparticles for promoting synergistic suppression of human lung cancer cells,
In this paper, a new oral insulin formulation, insulin-loaded carboxymethyl-b-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan nanoparticles (insulin/CMCD-g-CS NPs), was fabricated by ionic crosslinking technique. The therapeutic efficacy of new formulation was investigated in detail. Firstly, the CMCD-g-CS was synthesized by EDC-mediated esterification reaction. The prepared CMCD-g-CS exhibited favourable loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of drug. The release experiment in vitro showed that the nanocarrier could efficiently protect encapsulated insulin at simulated gastric environment and release drug in the simulated colonic fluid. The insulin/CMCD-g-CS NPs effectively promoted drug internalization into Caco-2 cells and could reversibly open the tight junction between cells. The oral administration of insulin/CMCD-g-CS NPs could lastingly decrease blood sugar level in diabetic mice. The liver function study verified that the insulin/CMCD-g-CS NPs had not obvious toxicity to experimental mice. Therefore, the CMCD-g-CS could be an effective and safe oral insulin delivery carrier for future clinical application.A new biocompatible polysaccharide nanoparticle was fabricated as oral insulin delivery carrier for improving diabetic treatment.
Two extremely halophilic archaea, strains D90T and D93, were isolated from underground salt deposits of Yunnan salt mine, China. Both strains were pleomorphic or short rods, non-motile, Gram-negative and required 1.7 M NaCl for growth, with optimum at 3.4 M. Mg2+ was not required for growth. Multiple copies of the 16S rRNA gene were obtained for both strains. Sequence similarity analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed that strains D90T and D93 were closely related to Halobaculum magnesiiphilum MGY-184T and Halobaculum gomorrense DSM 9297T with the sequence similarity between 96.2-98.1 %. The sequence similarity of the rpoB' gene between strain D90T and Halobaculum gomorrenseJCM 9908T was 94.1 %. The DNA G+C contents of strains D90T and D93 were 65.9 and 67.6 mol%, respectively. The major polar lipids of both strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and glycolipid. The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strains D90T and D93 was 90.1±0.5 %, while that between strain D90T and Halobaculum gomorrenseJCM 9908T was 30.0±0.7 %. The comparison of physiological and biochemical characteristics, including the requirements of NaCl, Mg2+, pH, etc., differentiated strains D90T and D93 from Halobaculum magnesiiphilum MGY-184T and Halobaculum gomorrenseJCM 9908T. Therefore, strains D90T and D93 represent a novel species of the genus Halobaculum, for which the name Halobaculum roseum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D90T (=CGMCC 1.15501T=JCM 31273T).
In this article, amphiphilic self‐assembled glycyrrhetinic acid‐biotin‐starch nanoparticles (GaBS NPs) are fabricated by an N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)/4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)‐mediated one‐step esterification reaction, and the physicochemical properties of the prepared self‐assembled NPs are characterized. The self‐assembled GaBS NPs are used as targeted nanocarriers to deliver doxorubicin (DOX) into hepatoma carcinoma cells (HepG2 cells). The drug release profile, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and intracellular distribution of the drug‐loaded NPs are evaluated in vitro. Because of endocytosis mediated by a specific receptor, the DOX/GaBS NPs in three forms of administration exhibit the lowest IC50 value to HepG2 cells. The cellular uptake mechanism of pure DOX and the DOX/GaBS NPs is identified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the cell internalization of the drug‐loaded NPs is confirmed to be faster than that of pure DOX. The GaBS NPs are considered to have potential as a promising chemotherapeutic drug nanocarrier targeting hepatoma carcinoma cells for reducing side effects to normal tissues.
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