Four experiments examined whether infants' use of task-relevant information in an action task could be facilitated by visual experience in the laboratory. Twelve-but not 9-month-old infants spontaneously used height information and chose an appropriate (taller) cover in search of a hidden tall toy. After watching examples of covering events in a teaching session, 9-month-old infants succeeded in an action task that involved the same event category; learning was not generalized to events from a different category. The present results demonstrate that learning through visual experience can be transferred to infants' subsequent actions. These findings shed light on the link between perception and action in infancy.
Computer modeling is a useful tool for integrating approaches from different disciplines to address complex water and climate issues, but because academic training is typically disciplinary, many scientists and practitioners are not aware of modeling techniques in other disciplines or ways that different models can be integrated to address complex questions. Since 2005, we have conducted a course on interdisciplinary modeling that provides lectures and laboratory exercises from different disciplines as well as topics related to interdisciplinary modeling such as issues of scale and uncertainty. Students work in interdisciplinary teams to integrate modeling approaches from different disciplines to address issues related to water and climate. In this paper, we provide a description of course development and implementation, results of course evaluations of course content, lessons learned, and future needs for educating students about interdisciplinary approaches. We also provide results of surveys of course participants regarding course effectiveness and sustainability.
Purpose of Project: The purpose of the inpatient psychiatric unit denials reduction project was to establish a taskforce to analyze denials data for root cause and identify an effective solution to prevent denials through improved provider documentation. Primary Practice Setting: The development and implementation of the project occurred at Stanford Health Care, a nonprofit Level 1 trauma hospital, with a 29-bed inpatient psychiatric unit containing both open and secured levels of care. The project was led by the Utilization/Denials Management team, which is subteam within the Case Management Department. Team members are Nurse Case Managers specializing in the management of denials and appeals, data analysis and trending of denials, denial avoidance, and reduction of financial risk. Methodology: Denials data analysis revealed the Psychiatry Service Line was responsible for over 70% of payer denials within the Length of Stay Write-offs category. In early 2019, the Utilization/Denials Management team initiated a quality improvement project using A3 Lean Approach methodology and evidence-based practice to guide the implementation. The partnership and collaboration included Case Management, Revenue Cycle, Clinical Documentation Improvement, Technology and Digital Solutions, and Psychiatry Service Line leadership that had an interest in reducing payer denials. Results: Outcomes measured for the project were based on denials data for (fiscal year) FY19, the preintervention period, compared to FY20 and FY21, the postintervention period. From FY19 to FY20, revenue loss decreased by 42%. The downward trend continued from FY20 to FY21 with a recorded decrease by 69%. Implications for Case Management Practice: The most important implication of the project was improved physician documentation and medical necessity supporting the severity and intensity of inpatient psychiatric level of care, and medical justification for the inpatient stay not only to prevent medical necessity denials but to accurately reflect the care that was provided. High-quality documentation correlates to the high quality of care being provided. This project is far reaching not only for psychiatric units but also reproducible for other acute hospital service lines. Case Management is a multidisciplinary role, and this work is most meaningful for a Nurse Case Manager engaged in care coordination, including utilization and denials management.
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