The calefacient phenomenon in the vicinity of the epicenter before an earthquake has observed. It shows that there exists some abnormal information of heat radiation in the seismogenic zone. It might be helpful to open up a new research field of survey the hot omen of earthquake and to improve the capability of earthquake prediction by using the satellite remote sensing technology. Keywords: earthquake thermalomen satellite remote sensing outgoing-longwave radiation an earthquake. During the mid 1970s and the early 1980s, "Meteorology and Earthquake" No.6 LIU, D. E et al: THERMAL OMENS BEFORE EARTHQUAKES 711Great Earthquakes in China (Ma, et al, 1982) induced the heat phenomena just before an earthquake as a physic omen for the first time. During the early 1990s, Qiang, et al (1990) attempted to carried out the short-term prediction by means of the satellite thermal infrared data and other information, which attracted abroad attention. The twenty years' research of thermal omens before earthquakes and the outgoing-longwaveradiation (OLR) data of the "earth-atmosphere" system measured by satellite remote sensing shows that there exists heat radiation omen before an earthquake (Liu, eta/, 1997). It should be important to pay more attention to the use of satellite data to open a new way for earthquake prediction.
Nucleolus, which participates in many crucial cellular activities, is an ideal target for evaluating the state of a cell or an organism. Here, bright red‐emissive carbon dots (termed CPCDs) with excitation‐independent/polarity‐dependent fluorescence emission are synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal reaction between congo red and p‐phenylenediamine. The CPCDs can achieve wash‐free, real‐time, long‐term, and high‐quality nucleolus imaging in live cells, as well as in vivo imaging of two common model animals—zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Strikingly, CPCDs realize the nucleolus imaging of organs/flowing blood cells in zebrafish at a cellular level for the first time, and the superb nucleolus imaging of C. elegans suggests that the germ cells in the spermatheca probably have no intact nuclei. These previously unachieved imaging results of the cells/tissues/organs may guide the zebrafish‐related studies and benefit the research of C. elegans development. More importantly, a novel strategy based on CPCDs for in vivo toxicity evaluation of materials/drugs (e.g., Ag+), which can visualize the otherwise unseen injuries in zebrafish, is developed. In conclusion, the CPCDs represent a robust tool for visualizing the structures and dynamic behaviors of live zebrafish and C. elegans, and may find important applications in cell biology and toxicology.
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