The
solid-state lithium-ion battery is proposed as the ultimate
form of battery and has rapidly become an updated attentive research
field due to its high safety and extreme temperature tolerance. However,
current solid-state electrolytes hardly meet the requirement in practical
applications due to its low ionic conductivity, weak mechanical properties,
and poor interfacial contact between the electrolyte and the electrode.
In this work, we developed a double-network-supported poly(ionic liquid)-based
ionogel electrolyte (DN-Ionogel) via a one-step method. Due to its
compact cross-linking structure, the leakage-free DN-Ionogel electrolyte
exhibits outstanding flexibility and favorable mechanical properties.
In this ionogel electrolyte, the double network favors dissociation
of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfony)imide (LiTFSI), further resulting
in remarkable ionic conductivity (1.8 × 10–3 S/cm, room temperature), wide electrochemical window (up to 5.0
V), and high lithium-ion transference number (0.33). Furthermore,
the cell (LiFePO4||DN-Ionogel||Lithium) delivers a discharge
capacity as high as 150.5 mAh/g, stable cyclic performance (over 200
cycles), and superior rate behavior.
DNA walkers, a sophisticated type of nanomachines, exhibit intelligent application in biosensing with high programmability and flexibility but usually need additional auxiliary driving force, particularly when walking on hard surfaces. Herein, we construct a three-dimensional (3D) DNA walker on the soft surface of DNA nanospheres (DSs) by using a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which is powered by endogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of live cells, so as to sensitively image microRNA (miRNA) in the tumor microenvironment. When the DS walker enters into live cells, miR-21, a general overexpressed biomarker in cancer cells, binds with the blocking strand (B), releasing the walking strand (W) and triggering an ATPpropelled walking reaction. The walking of the DS walker then generates an increasing Cy3 fluorescence signal that indicates the content of miR-21 with about 2.73-fold increase in sensitivity and about 157-fold decrease in the detection limit. Notably, the assembly of the DS walker on soft nanoparticles needs just an easy hybridization process, which facilitates the operation. Meanwhile, this endogenous ATP-powered 3D DNA walker walking on the soft surface performs real-time in situ imaging of miR-21 in live cells, which not only avoids the complex cell treatment and signal error induced by additional auxiliary factors, but also shows high promise of designing programmable DNA nanomachines.
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