The prevalence of MCs in patients with DLS was significantly higher than that of patients without DLS. Most of them were type 2 and usually located on the concave side of apex vertebrae. MCs were significantly associated with intervertebral disc degeneration and lumbar scoliosis.
To investigate the expression and biological significance of Leptin, Leptin receptor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and CD34 protein in colorectal carcinoma tissues. The expression of Leptin, Leptin receptor, VEGF, and CD34 was detected in 68 cases of colorectal carcinoma tissues, paired para-carcinoma tissues and normal colorectal tissues by Immunohistochemical SP Method. The results and related clinicopathological data were analyzed. The positive rate of Leptin, Leptin receptor, and VEGF was significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma tissues than that in paired para-carcinoma tissues and normal colorectal tissues. The expression of Leptin, Leptin receptor, and VEGF was correlated with grade of tumor differentiation, depth of bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, Dukes stage, distant metastasis, and lympho/vascular tumor embolization. Microvessel density (MVD) value in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues and normal colorectal tissues, and the density in para-carcinoma tissues was higher than that in normal colorectal tissues. The expression of Leptin, Leptin receptor, VEGF, and MVD value in colorectal carcinoma was positively correlated. In conclusion, microvessel density value is an important index of the growth, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. The binding of Leptin and Leptin receptor promotes the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells. The synergy between Leptin and VEGF accelerates the angiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma and accelerates the invasion and metastasis of the tumor cells.
BackgroundSi-Miao-San (SMS) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of SMS on gouty arthritis and its potential mechanism of action.MethodsThe effects and mechanism of SMS were evaluated in monosodium urate (MSU)-treated mice or macrophages. The expression of cytokines and PI3K/Akt was analyzed using real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses. Macrophage polarization was assessed with immunofluorescence assays, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. Mass spectrometry was used to screen the active ingredients of SMS.ResultsPretreatment with SMS ameliorated MSU-induced acute gouty arthritis in mice with increased PI3K/Akt activation and M2 macrophage polarization in the joint tissues. In vitro, SMS treatment significantly inhibited MSU-triggered inflammatory response, increased p-Akt and Arg-1 expression in macrophages, and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. These effects of SMS were inhibited when PI3K/Akt activation was blocked by LY294002 in the macrophages. Moreover, SMS significantly reduced serum uric acid levels in the hyperuricemia mice. Using mass spectrometry, the plant hormones ecdysone and estrone were detected as the potentially effective ingredients of SMS.ConclusionSMS ameliorated MSU-induced gouty arthritis and inhibited hyperuricemia. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SMS may exert anti-inflammatory effects by promoting M2 polarization via PI3K/Akt signaling. Ecdysone and estrone might be the potentially effective ingredients of SMS. This research may provide evidence for the application of SMS in the treatment of gout.
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