Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the therapy of severe bacterial infection. The monitoring of vancomycin levels is recommended because of its narrow therapeutic index and toxicity. This measurement is especially appropriate in patients with unstable renal functions, who receive high doses of vancomycin or present serious bacterial infections accompanied by important sequestration of liquids when it could be difficult to achieve the optimal therapeutic dose. Most of the methods for vancomycin determination in routine practice are immunoassays. However, chromatography-based techniques in combination with UV or mass spectrometry detection provide results with greater accuracy and precision also in complicated biological matrices. This review provides a detailed overview of modern approaches for the chromatographic separation of vancomycin in various biological samples and useful sample preparation procedures for vancomycin determination in various biological fluids.
Miniaturized LC has evolved at an exponential
rate over the last
50 years. In the past decade, it has received considerable attention
in the field of bioanalytical separation science and technology due
to the need to measure different classes of biomolecules present in
a variety of matrixes on a global scale to gain a deeper understanding
of complex biological processes. This field has become a dominant
area underpinning the molecular omics research (e.g., proteomics,
metabolomics, lipidomics, and foodomics), allowing key insights into
the function and mechanism of small to very large biomolecules on
a molecular level. This Feature highlights the recent advances in
molecular omics focusing on miniaturized LC technology combined with
mass spectrometry-based platforms, with a particular emphasis on the
strategies adopted and applications using new and sensitive nanoscale
analytical methodologies.
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