up to 115 GPa and 1600 K by NIS.
12• Negligible anharmonic contributions to sound velocities validate the extrapola-13 tion of Birch's law to CMB conditions.
14• Less than 8.4 vol% B2-FeSi produced by core-mantle reactions are enough to 15 explain the seismic anomalies associated with the ULVZs.
A portable IR fiber laser‐heating system, optimized for X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) spectroscopy with signal collection through the radial opening of diamond anvil cells near 90°with respect to the incident X‐ray beam, is presented. The system offers double‐sided on‐axis heating by a single laser source and zero attenuation of incoming X‐rays other than by the high‐pressure environment. A description of the system, which has been tested for pressures above 100 GPa and temperatures up to 3000 K, is given. The XES spectra of laser‐heated Mg0.67Fe0.33O demonstrate the potential to map the iron spin state in the pressure–temperature range of the Earth's lower mantle, and the NIS spectra of laser‐heated FeSi give access to the sound velocity of this candidate of a phase inside the Earth's core. This portable system represents one of the few bridges across the gap between laser heating and high‐resolution X‐ray spectroscopies with signal collection near 90°.
We describe the use of a silver-coated 90 • parabolic mirror of 33 mm focal length as objective for imaging, on-axis laser heating and radiospectrometric temperature measurements of a sample compressed in a diamond anvil cell in a laser heating system. There, spatial resolution and imaging quality of the parabolic mirror are similar to the one of a 10× objective. The temperature measurements between 500 and 900 nm are essentially free from chromatic aberration. The parabolic mirror was also perforated with a 220-μm hole, allowing for on-axis imaging, laser heating and incidence of X-rays simultaneously at synchrotron facilities. The parabolic mirror is thus a well-suited alternative to existing refractive and reflective objectives in laboratory and synchrotron laser heating systems.
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