Aims The purpose of this registry is to collect data on trends in interventional cardiology within Europe. Special interest focuses on relative increases and ratios in newer re-vascularisation approaches and its distribution in different regions in Europe. We report the data of the year 2001 and give an overview of the development of coronary interventions since 1992, when the first data collection was performed. Methods and Results Questionnaires were distributed to delegates of the individual national societies of cardiology represented in the European Society of Cardiology. These were completed by the local institutions and operators and showed that 1,806,238 angiograms and 617,176 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCAs) were performed in 2001. This is an increase of 10% and 17%, respectively, compared with the year 2000. The population-adjusted PTCA rate rose from nearly 800 procedures per 10 6 inhabitants in the year 2000 to approximately 990 procedures per 10 6 inhabitants in 2001. Coronary stenting increased by 25% to about 488,900 stents implanted in 2001. Complication rates remained unchanged, and the need for emergency coronary artery bypass grafting is still at 0.2% per percutaneous intervention. Conclusion Interventional cardiology in Europe is still expanding, mainly due to rapid growth in countries with lower socio-economical levels. Most central European countries reported only minor increases in procedures performed. Coronary stenting remains the only noteworthy adjunctive strategy to balloon angioplasty.
1. Thoracic aortas of normotensive (Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Lyon normotensive (LN)) and hypertensive (spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Lyon hypertensive (LH)) rats from two groups (Japanese (WKY rats and SHR) and Lyon (LN and LH rats)) were compared using organ chambers. Changes in endothelium and smooth muscle reactivity to noradrenaline (NA), carbamylcholine and N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) were analysed to distinguish between changes in reactivity that are associated with the presence of hypertension and those that are dependent on group (Japanese vs Lyon). 2. Aortas of hypertensive rats had lower pD2 values for NA than aortas from normotensive rats. These differences were associated with hypertension (P < 0.005 and P < 0.01) and group (P < 0.005 and P < 0.005) in presence or absence of endothelium, respectively, whereas no difference was seen in the maximal developed tension in response to NA. 3. Aortas also differed by a reduced ability to relax in response to carbamylcholine in hypertensive rats; this effect is hypertension (P < 0.05) and group (P < 0.005) dependent, without any change in carbamylcholine pD2 values. 4. Changes in maximum developed tension in the presence of L-NNA were found to be endothelium dependent and pressure and group independent. Furthermore, the change in tension induced by L-NNA appears significantly more pronounced in SHR than in LH rats (P < 0.05). 5. These results indicate that the common defect associated with hypertension appears to be linked to the endothelium through alpha-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors in both the Japanese and Lyon groups. However, SHR differs markedly from LH rats by having a higher developed tension in response to NA, this increased tension being counterbalanced by the release of nitric oxide, as observed in the presence of L-NNA.
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